Application of a Definitive Screening Design and Optimal Augmentation to Characterize an Electro‐Fenton Process Combined With Anodic Oxidation on BDD Electrodes
Author(s)
Date Issued
February 2026
Type
article
text::journal::journal article
Volume
98
Issue
2
Start Page
1
End Page
12
ISSN
1061-4303
1554-7531
Journal
Abstract
The definitive screening design (DSD) represents a novel and highly efficient methodological approach that enables researchers
to gain critical insights with minima experimental runs, significantly enhancing process efficiency and accelerating research
outcomes. In this study, DSD was employed to examine the effects of nine process variables on the degradation of a textile dye
using an electro-Fenton (EF) system with reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathodes and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes.
The primary goal was to assess the predictive capability of DSD in characterizing the complex EF system coupled with BDD
electrodes and to optimize industrial dye treatment in wastewater, using a reduced experimental set. Only 23 experiments were
needed to screen the effects of dye concentration, current density, NaCl and Na2SO4 concentrations, pH, temperature, interelectrode
distance, stirring rate, and Fe2+ concentration. Subsequently, an optimal augmented design (OAD) was applied, adding
eight more runs to refine the process characterization. Statistical analysis identified temperature, current density, and dye concentration
as the key factors influencing total organic carbon (TOC) removal, with significant interactions observed between
temperature and current density, and between pH and dye concentration. Under optimal conditions, a 73.1% reduction in TOC
was achieved after 90 min. This study highlights the novel combination of DSD and OAD as a powerful approach for identifying
critical process parameters and optimizing the treatment of industrial dyes in wastewater with reduced experimental effort and
enhanced accuracy.
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