Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2067/47800
Title: The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe
Authors: Heiskanen, Jouni
Brummer, Christian
Buchmann, Nina
Calfapietra, Carlo 
Chen, Huilin
Gielen, Bert
Gkritzalis, Thanos
Hammer, Samuel
Hartman, Susan
Herbst, Mathias
Janssens, Ivan A.
Jordan, Armin
Juurola, Eija
Karstens, Ute
Kasurinen, Ville
Kruijt, Bart
Lankreijer, Harry
Levin, Ingeborg
Linderson, Maj Lena
Loustau, Denis
Merbold, Lutz
Myhre, Cathrine Lund
Papale, Dario 
Pavelka, Marian
Pilegaard, Kim
Ramonet, Michel
Rebmann, Corinna
Rinne, Janne
Rivier, Léonard
Saltikoff, Elena
Sanders, Richard
Steinbacher, Martin
Steinhoff, Tobias
Watson, Andrew
Vermeulen, Alex T.
Vesala, Timo
Vítkova, Gabriela
Kutsch, Werner
Journal: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 
Issue Date: 2022
Abstract: 
Since 1750, land-use change and fossil fuel combustion has led to a 46% increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, causing global warming with substantial societal consequences. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature increases to well below 2C above preindustrial levels. Increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in the atmosphere are the primary cause of climate change. Approximately half of the carbon emissions to the atmosphere are sequestered by ocean and land sinks, leading to ocean acidification but also slowing the rate of global warming. However, there are significant uncertainties in the future global warming scenarios due to uncertainties in the size, nature, and stability of these sinks. Quantifying and monitoring the size and timing of natural sinks and the impact of climate change on ecosystems are important information to guide policy-makers' decisions and strategies on reductions in emissions. Continuous, long-term observations are required to quantify GHG emissions, sinks, and their impacts on Earth systems. The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) was designed as the European in situ observation and information system to support science and society in their efforts to mitigate climate change. It provides standardized and open data currently from over 140 measurement stations across 12 European countries. The stations observe GHG concentrations in the atmosphere and carbon and GHG fluxes between the atmosphere, land surface, and the oceans. This article describes how ICOS fulfills its mission to harmonize these observations, ensure the related long-term financial commitments, provide easy access to well-documented and reproducible high-quality data and related protocols and tools for scientific studies, and deliver information and GHG-related products to stakeholders in society and policy.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2067/47800
ISSN: 1520-0477
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0364.1
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
Appears in Collections:A1. Articolo in rivista

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat Existing users please
BAMS_Papale.pdfAccesso articolo: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/3/BAMS-D-19-0364.1.xml288.44 kBAdobe PDF    Request a copy
Show full item record

SCOPUSTM   
Citations 20

45
Last Week
0
Last month
3
checked on Mar 24, 2024

Page view(s)

75
Last Week
1
Last month
3
checked on Mar 27, 2024

Download(s)

2
checked on Mar 27, 2024

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric


This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License Creative Commons