Impatto, con mezzi meccanici, provocato sul suolo in differenti sistemi di utilizzazione
Author(s)
Petrini, Enrico
Date Issued
March 11, 2011
Type
Doctoral Thesis
Abstract
The circulation of mechanical vehicles with the pneumatic tyres in the
woods and in areas where different forest utilization (exploitation)
systems are practiced, S.F.R. (Short Rotation Forestry) included,
provokes trouble on the soil, which produces a negative effect of
volume reduction. This reduction is responsible both for the decrease
of fertility of the ground and causes difficulty in penetration and
expansion of the root system as well as the effect of “Superficial soil”,
which makes the upper layers impermeable and starts the rill process
responsible for the hydrogeological instability.
Indications Italian, European and World legislations attempt to fix
regulations, rules and laws as opposed to inadequate applications for
the preservation and respect for forestation process I addition a wide
description of the technical and constructional characteristics of the
tyres and of their action during the working phases is also presented
thus it is possible to understand how the soil reacts to the impacting
actions on ground disturbed by such operations.
Five sites have been studied for the comprehension and evaluation of
mechanic impact: four wooded lands and one agricultural parcel with
S.R.F. activity.
The sites have been described with all technical details which are
fundamental to identify the habitat of the forest species, particularly
the geological description, morphology, pedology, the state of
vegetation and the relevant operations.
In these sites spots have been compared, both on disturbed and
undisturbed soil, to assess the extent of the mechanic impact and for
some of them open cuttings have been effected.
In the research, chemical-physical analysis has been used both
directly in the survey in the laboratory.
The parameters studied are: humidity, granulometry, bulk density,
absolute density (weight density), stability index of separate
aggregates, porosity, resistance to penetration (penetrometry) and
shearing strength (scissometry).
The direct analysis, (from those in the laboratory and from the
interpretation of data) shows that the impact provoked on the soil in
different systems of utilization (exploitation) brings an evident
disturbance to forest soils undergoing such impact.
The impact of disturbed soils with respect to the undisturbed ones is
particularly evident in the increase of bulk density of about 13%, more
marked on sandy-loam soils (up to 20%) with respect to soils richer in
clay; a decreasing of porosity of 11% with a trend of percentage more
or less constant; an average increase of penetrometry of 50% more or
less constant on all soils of forest spots except for the agricultural soil
of Battipaglia (90%). This means that in agricultural soils the use of
heavy vehicles is more damaging than in untouched soils; as for
scissometry the increases range from 18% in sandy-loam soils to 38%
in silty-clay soils. These values in forest soils depend therefore on
texture while in Battipaglia the increase in scissometry is very high
(99%) and also this shows the heavy impact on this typology of soils.
Additional information
Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze e tecnologie per la gestione forestale e ambientale
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