Anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and essential fatty acids in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Author(s)
Date Issued
2018
Type
article
Volume
9
Issue
9
Start Page
1
End Page
7
ISSN
17517311
Journal
Abstract
Fatty acids are important modulators of inflammatory responses, in particular, n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids and CLA have received
particular attention for their ability to modulate inflammation. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of CLA and
essential fatty acids on the expression of pro and anti- inflammatory cytokines and their protective efficacy against inflammatory status
in mammary gland by an in vitro model based on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BME-UV1). Bovine mammary epithelial cells were
treated with complete medium containing either 50 µM of cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11 CLA) or trans-10, cis-12 CLA (t10,c12 CLA)
or (α)-linolenic acid (aLnA) or (γ)-linolenic acid (gLnA) or linoleic acid (LA). After 48 h by fatty acids administration the cells were treated
for 3 h with 20 µM of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory stimulus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after
treatments was assessed to verify and to compare the potential protection of different fatty acids against LPS-induced oxidative stress.
The messenger RNA abundance of bovine pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β),
interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-10 (IL-10)) and peroxisome proliferator receptor-α/γ (PPARγ/α) were determined in BME-UV1 by realtime PCR. The results showed that cells treated with fatty acids and LPS increased ROS production compared with control cells. Among
treatments, cells treated with c9,t11 CLA and t10,c12 CLA isomers revealed significant lower levels of ROS production compared with
other fatty acids. All fatty acids reduced the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Among fatty acids, t10,c12 CLA,
LA and gLnA showed an homogeneous reduction of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines and this may correspond to more balanced
and efficient physiological activity and may trigger a better protective effect. The PPARγ gene expression was significantly greater in
cells treated with t10,c12 CLA, aLnA and LA, whereas the PPARα gene expression levels were significantly lower in cells treated with all
different fatty acids, compared with the control. These results suggest that fatty acids inhibited the transcription of pro-inflammatory
cytokines by the upregulation of PPARγ expression.
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