Sviluppo di un nuovo sistema di analisi per il monitoraggio marino
Author(s)
Lacava, Giovanni
Date Issued
June 17, 2016
Type
Doctoral Thesis
Abstract
Pollutants concentration and their effects in the marine environment are assessed taking into account the impacts and threats to the ecosystem, as described under the Marine Strategy (particularly with regard to the law 2010/477 / EU of September 2010 and to relevant provisions of Directive 2000/60 / EC for the territorial waters and / or coastal). Among substances indicated as of primary interest there are hydrocarbons, as the most dangerous pollutants for the marine environment, which are detectable by various methods and instruments. Valuable tools to address the control of the SQA (Stato della Qualità delle Acque - Water Quality State) are those that can give a high synopticity, like for example the satellites, which give us a wide space variation of the phenomenon and repeated over the time; they, however, as the ecological models, require continuous calibration using in site real time data.
Being able to have several real time data in a homogeneous way, allows to have more and more available, the opportunity to bridging the distance between reality and prediction. The aim of this PhD work was to develop a prototype of a new real-time system for monitoring of high-risk areas that can allow the analysis of the areas of interest on the surface and along the water column before and after any spills in the event of accidents. Nowadays these pollutants are identified by networks of sensors on buoys and ship survey. These two methods however, have limitations, the first guarantees a static monitoring while the second involves high costs. To overcome these limits the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) have been identified as the most suitable platforms to use. They offer the ability to monitor the marine environment in particular conditions (eg. in the night hours), when other methods (eg. the satellite recordings) are not applicable. The AUV can also be used to perform analysis of water status in extended areas, with the ability to perform survey specifically designed for the area of interest. It was taken into account during the work of the following requirements:
● low cost;
● modest size;
● extension of operating conditions compared to other technologies.
For this purpose, in addition to the development of the host platform we have conducted the study of integration on the vehicle of two sensors and we performed data acquisition tests in the sea. Make room for these new technologies is an important step in operational oceanography and represents, under the Marine Strategy, an important tool to achieve prefixed objectives for the monitoring of contaminants in the marine environment.
Additional information
Dottorato di ricerca in Ecologia e gestione delle risorse biologiche
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