Ruolo della concimazione azotata delle proteine della cariosside in relazione ad aspetti tecnologici e alla presenza di allergeni in frumenti duri di nuova e antica costituzione
Author(s)
Rivera Ortiz, Lina Maria
Date Issued
June 11, 2013
Type
Doctoral Thesis
Abstract
Wheat allergy seems increased in recent years, and it is generally believed that this
is mostly due to the introduction of the new wheat cultivars developed after the Green
Revolution, that give a high yield with appropriate agricultural practices, included
fertilization, compared to traditional cultivars, that instead give constant production in a
variable environment, although not excellent. This work had two main objectives: i) to
establish the role of nitrogen fertilization on some of the aspects related to the
technological performance of wheat doughs based on new and old generation durum wheat
cultivars. ii) to verify if there are differences between old and new durum wheat varieties
in regard to the accumulation of allergenic proteins, in particular those related to
respiratory allergies, in relation to the amount of nitrogen used as fertilizer. Two traditional
(old generation) durum wheat cultivars, Senatore Cappelli and Urrìa, and two new
generation cultivars, Svevo and Claudio, submitted to three regimens of nitrogen
fertilization in a single location in two consecutive years, have been used. As for the first
objective, it was confirmed a positive effect on the accumulation of total proteins in wheat
kernel of all cultivars, but a divergent effect was observed between new and old generation
wheats with regard to the accumulation of the glutenin fraction, as well to parameters
related to the dough strength. With regard to the second objective, it has been observed that
the amount of immunogenic polypeptides involved in respiratory allergies, decreases with
the increase of the nitrogenous treatment in all varieties considered, both for the metabolic
and the CM-like fractions, this latter mostly correlated with this pathology. Furthermore, it
was also confirmed the already known high variability of the subjective response. Finally,
proteomic analysis showed that the nitrogen fertilization determines the accumulation of a
greater number of polypeptides belonging to the metabolic and CM-like proteins when
using higher nitrogen fertilization, and that the differentially expressed proteins
correspond, in most cases, to known allergens. Thus, these results show that, at least in the
genotypes here considered and in the conditions taken into consideration, there is no data
in favor of the hypothesis that the genotypes of the old generation contain lower amounts
of allergens, but the role of nitrogen fertilization in improving qualitative parameters of the
newly developed cultivars has been confirmed.
Additional information
Dottorato di ricerca in Biotecnologie vegetali
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