The suppression of TdMRP3 genes reduces the phytic acid and increases the nutrient accumulation in durum wheat grain
Author(s)
Date Issued
2023
Type
article
Volume
14
Journal
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition affects more than half of the world population.
Reduced bioavailability of microelements in the raw materials is considered one
of the main causes of mineral deficiency in populations whose diet is largely based
on the consumption of staple crops. In this context, the production of low phytic
acid (lpa) cereals is a main goal of the breeding programs, as phytic acid (PA) binds
essential mineral cations such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), potassium
(K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) precipitating in the form of phytate salts
poorly digested by monogastric animals, including humans, due to the lack of
phytases in the digestive tract. Since PA limits the bioavailability of microelements,
it is widely recognized as an anti-nutritional compound. A Targeting Induced Local
Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach has been undertaken to silence the genes
encoding the TdABCC13 proteins, known as Multidrug-Resistance associated
Proteins 3 (TdMRP3), transporters involved in the accumulation of PA inside the
vacuole in durum wheat. The TdMRP3 complete null genotypes showed a
significant reduction in the content of PA and were able to accumulate a higher
amount of essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) compared to the control. The
number of spikelets and seeds per spike, traits associated with the agronomic
performances, were reduced compared to the control, but the negative effect was
in part balanced by the increased grain weight. The TdMRP3 mutant lines showed
morphological differences in the root apparatus such as a significant decrease in
the number of root tips, root length, volume and surface area and an increase in
root average diameter compared to the control plants. These materials represent a
promising basis for obtaining new commercial durum wheats with higher
nutritional value.
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