ROS and RNS production, subcellular localization, and signaling triggered by immunogenic danger signals
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Mhamdi, Amna
Date Issued
November 9, 2023
Type
article
Volume
75
Issue
15
ISSN
0022-0957
1460-2431
Journal
Abstract
Plants continuously monitor the environment to detect changing conditions and to properly respond, avoiding dele-
terious effects on their fitness and survival. An enormous number of cell surface and intracellular immune receptors
are deployed to perceive danger signals associated with microbial infections. Ligand binding by cognate receptors
represents the first essential event in triggering plant immunity and determining the outcome of the tissue invasion
attempt. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are secondary messengers rapidly produced in different
subcellular localizations upon the perception of immunogenic signals. Danger signal transduction inside the plant
cells involves cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as several organelles and interactions between them to activate
key immune signaling modules. Such immune processes depend on ROS and RNS accumulation, highlighting their
role as key regulators in the execution of the immune cellular program. In fact, ROS and RNS are synergic and in-
terdependent intracellular signals required for decoding danger signals and for the modulation of defense-related
responses. Here we summarize current knowledge on ROS/RN
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