Approcci e metodi per l'analisi e la gestione delle componenti agroforestali nei paesaggi culturali UNESCO. Il caso di Porto Venere, Cinque Terre e Isole
Author(s)
Tredici, Martina
Date Issued
June 28, 2016
Type
Doctoral Thesis
Abstract
The analytical, planning and design language used for the agricultural and forestry component in
Management Plans of the sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List is often not pertinent to the
subject. This contradiction is even more actual regarding the historical landscapes, more specifically the
traditional landscapes, for which in 1992 UNESCO created the specific category of "cultural landscapes".
The current management instruments for these areas (when they exist) often disregard a cognitive framework
truly tailored to their peculiarities. Even the guidelines made by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and
Activities and Tourism "Project for the definition of a model for the implementation of the UNESCO site
management plans" make no reference to values such as the complexity of the landscape mosaic,
fragmentation, biocultural diversity, resilience against landscape dynamics of abandonment.
The opportunity to test a new methodological framework has come with the assignment for the scientific
coordination of activities relating to the agricultural and forestry component of the Management Plan of the
UNESCO Site of "Porto Venere , Cinque Terre and the Islands ( Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto )". After a brief
description of the site and of the reasons for its inclusion in the World Heritage List, it seemed essential to
include a summary of the main regional and provincial planning instruments, restrictions and protected areas,
referring to priority values and characteristics of the site. The identified instruments have a strong correlation
with the development process of the management system and may affect the strategies put in place, but, at
the current state, they often have directions in contrast with the protection of the site values.
In the methodological proposal the framework of the current situation of the values relating to the
significance of the system it is examined both through the approach of the historical environmental
assessment (VASA), and through a Situation Analysis set on ISTAT surveys and the use of questionnaires
and interviews. Vulnerability factors of the Site have been identified and quantified through the use of multicriteria
analysis which led to a valuation of abandonment vulnerability and risk of fires. The results of these
surveys underline a relevant fact: in only 39 years (1973-2012), about 21 % of the area of the Site has been
affected by the dynamic of forestation. The abandonment of agricultural practices, determined by progressive
depopulation of the municipalities of the area and by the changed economic conditions, was the main cause
of this phenomenon. Therefore in the strategies and in the management policies must be confirmed the
centrality of the farmers as the principal actors for the maintenance of this landscape system, in order to
oppose the abandonment of the terraces, with direct and indirect measures.
Additional information
Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze e tecnologie per la gestione forestale e ambientale
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