Artificial yellow pigments: production and characterization through spectroscopic methods of analysis

Abstract

Artificial yellow pigments (lead-tin yellow type I and type II, lead antimonate yellow and lead-tin-antimony yellow) have been produced, starting from various recipes and from pure chemicals, in different experimental conditions. The products were analysed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Differences in stoichiometric ratios, in melting temperatures and in crucible typologies were examined. Other analytical techniques were required to characterize the stoichiometric ratios of the obtained products (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis).The results are analysed and discussed in terms of correlations among chemical composition, melting conditions and colour hue.