http://http://dspace.unitus.it:80 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Sat, 25 May 2013 13:09:19 GMT 2013-05-25T13:09:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2197 Title: Development of valuable wheat inbred lines through the introduction of Dasypyrum villosum germplasm in their pedigree Authors: De Pace, Ciro; Vaccino, Patrizia; Caceres, Maria Eugenia; Corbellini, Maria Abstract: Selection of improved stable wheat inbred lines for low input production systems was achieved through the relevant combination of wheat and Dasypyrum villosum (Dv) germplasm using two approaches: (1) a re-evaluation of a tri-parental species breeding scheme, and (2) a modified bulk-breeding method. Both methods optimized selection outcome. The first breeding method was based on the synthesis of a T. turgidum var durum Dv hexaploid amphiploid, and crossing of that amphiploid to a bread wheat cultivar. The second breeding method was developed by bulk harvesting seeds from F1 and F2 from each biparental combination involving commercial wheat cultivars and wheat introgression breeding lines (IBLs) containing various amount of chromatin from Dv. In the first case, the M V amphiploid displayed typical adaptive traits of Dv such as high resistance to diseases and heading earliness, and the further crossing of the amphiploid to Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring (CS) provided wheat breeeding lines showing additional enhancements for grain size and grain end-use quality. GISH analyses revealed that Dv chromatin introgression occurred in some of them, coupled to chromosome-arm exchanges. Interestingly, three of the selected lines, after two years of genetic analyses and low-input field tests, showed dominance and genetic stability of the adaptive traits. In the second case, the F1s expressed the ‘useful’ Dv genes inherited from the IBLs, providing strong evidence that the Dv genes for trait enhancements are expressed not only in CS but also in ‘elite’ wheat genetic background. The F2 progenies displayed wide segregation offering ample opportunity for selecting the desired combination of the ‘elite’ traits with the traits expressed by the ‘useful’ Dv genes inherited through the IBLs. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2197 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1762 Title: Improving the Wheat Genetic Diversity for End-Use Grain Quality by Chromatin Introgression from the Wheat Wild Relative Dasypyrum villosum Authors: Vaccino, Patrizia; Banfi, Riccardo; Corbellini, Maria; De Pace, Ciro Abstract: Dasypyrum villosum chromatin, including genes at the Glu-V1 locus, signify cantly improves wheat bread-making quality, and chromatin from the short arm of chromosome 6V also improves protein and micronutrient content. Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.crops.org Thu, 31 Dec 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1762 2009-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1763 Title: Flowering earliness in wheat inbred breeding lines derived from T. aestivum ‘Chinese Spring’ x Dasypyrum villosum hybridization is not related to allelic variation at the vernalization loci VRN-A1, VRN-B1, and VRN-D1 Authors: Caceres, Maria Eugenia; Vaccino, Patrizia; Corbellini, Maria; Cionini, Pier Giorgio; Sarri, Vania; Polizzi, Enza; Vittori, Doriano; De Pace, Ciro Abstract: Substantial cryptic chromosome mutations or recombinations or gene mutations have occurred during the earlier generations following the hybridization T. aestivum “Chinese Spring” (CS) x Dasypyrum villosum event. Those genomic modifications were transmitted to the progeny plants, from which wheat introgression breeding lines (IBL) were derived. One of the mutations might have affected a flowering-promoting gene at a locus different from VRN-1, causing (under nonvernalizing condition and 13-14-hour daylength) the IBL “CSxV59” and the F1 hybrids “CSxV59 x cv Salgemma" and “CSxV59 x cv Isengrain” to start anthesis in less than 50 days from sowing compared to CS and to the two parental winter bread wheat cv Salgemma and cv Isengrain, which flowered about 150 days later. Mon, 31 Dec 2007 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1763 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2198 Title: Stabilità e capacità produttiva di linee inbred di frumento contenenti geni o cromosomi di D. villosum Authors: Corbellini, Maria; Vaccino, Patrizia; Banfi, Riccardo; Coppa, Tania; De Pace, Ciro Abstract: High yielding and good bread-making quality varieties are needed to improve common wheat cultivation in North and Central Italy. We evaluated advanced wheat intragression breeding lines (IBL), obtained from wheat Dasypyrum villosum (Dv)hybridization and backcross to the wheat parent, in order to achieve introgression of small portions of the Dv genome into the wheat nuclear genome. The IBLs were included in three sets of field trials (A, B, and C), each arranged according to a randomized block design, in three locations. The agronomic performance of the IL over the tested environments evidenced three main results: A) the IL 41-03, 8-1, and Mut 3-04, are ready to enter the registration process for releasing new high yielding and good quality wheat varieties; B) the IL CS V58, CS V59, CS V60 showed early heading, and the IBL CS V32 and CS V63 showed resistance to foliar diseases; the grain yield and phenotypic stability of all of them were as good or superior to the wheat parent “Chinese Spring”, which suggest that they will be useful donors of genes for heading earliness (CS V60 was at least 8 days earlier than both “Chinese Spring” and the earliest check) and disease resistance in future wheat breeding programs; C) An IBL derived from the T. turgidum var durum cv “Modoc” Dv (M V)amphiplod is early heading, with tenacious glumes, and high protein content suitable as a new “farro” for low – input farming systems. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2198 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2201 Title: Aspetti genetico-molecolari e tecnologici del trasferimento al frumento di geni del Dasypyrum villosum Authors: Vaccino, Patrizia; Coppa, Tania; Corbellini, Maria; De Pace, Ciro Abstract: Many breeding programs rely on gene transfer from the wild and cultivated secondary gene-pool (GP-2) for trait enhancement, but so far no reports on transfer of bread-making quality-related genes from the wild GP-2 of wheat have been released. In this paper, we used small- and large-scale tests to analyze wheat introgression lines (ILs) derived from Triticum aestivum cv “Chinese Spring” (CS) Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy (Dv) hybridization. We aimed at ascertaining the efficacy of prolamin subunits encoded by Dv genes for the improvement of wheat end-use grain quality Biochemical and genetic evidences from backcrossing those lines to CS, and the qualitative results obtained from the lines grown for two years at two localities demonstrated that the ascertained positive effects of the Dv genes on wheat-flour end-use quality correlate weakly with the size of the introgressed Dv chromatin that contained those genes or the protein content of the flour. Dv chromatin including genes at the Glu-V1 locus, coding for high molecular weight glutenins in Dv, significantly improves wheat bread-making quality, and chromatin from the short arm of 6V chromosome improves also protein and micronutrient (Fe and Zn) content. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2201 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2199 Title: Dasypyrum villosum come fonte di geni di resistenza a oidio e ruggine bruna per il miglioramento dei frumenti coltivati Authors: Pasquini, Marina; Bizzarri, Marco; Nocente, Francesca; Matere, Antonio; Sereni, Loriana; Casini, Fausto; L'Aurora, Alessia; Vaccino, Patrizia; Corbellini, Maria; Coppa, Tania; Vittori, Doriano; De Pace, Ciro Abstract: The wild species of cereals comprised in the secondary gene pool (GP 2)of wheat have received specific attention mainly with a view to widening the narrow genetic basis of cultivated wheats. Dasypyrum villosum Candargy (syn. Haynaldia villosa) (Dv) is an annual, diploid (2n=14), allogamous grass species, belonging to the GP 2 of wheat. This species, originating from Southern Europe and South-Western Asia, is widespread in the Mediterranean region and has been reported as carrying genes for enhancing agronomic and grain quality traits. A study has been carried out on two wheat aneuploid lines (CS V32 and CS V63) obtained after introgression of chromosome 6V # 4 into the T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) nuclear genome by interspecific hybridization with a D. villosum population collected in Latium. The disomic addition line CS+6V carrying chromosome 6V#1 and bred by the late E.R. Sears, was also included in the study. The two aneuploid lines resulted completely resistant to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) at adult and seedling plant stage. The CS V63 line was crossed to the susceptible disomic addition line 6V # 1 and a suitable mapping population, segregating for powdery mildew resistance, was produced. The F2:3 progenies were studied both by phytopathological (with selected pathotypes of Bgt) and molecular (PCR marker) analyses in order to assess the genetic basis of resistance. The observed resistant: susceptible phenotypic ratio fitted the 3:1 ratio expected for the segregation of the resistance/susceptible alleles at one locus named “PmVt”, presumably located in 6VS. The resistant phenotype was dominant. Molecular analyses using the RAPD marker OPH171900 were carried out to confirm the location of this gene on 6VS and to verify its relationship with the Pm21 locus and association to the gliadin-encoding locus Gli-V2. The line CS V63 was tested also for resistance to Puccinia triticina (Pt): it resulted susceptible in the experiments carried out at the seedling stage with different selected Pt pathotypes. When tested with the same pathotypes in controlled infection at the adult plant stage, and in the field, in multilocation epidemiological trials, the line showed a complete or moderate resistance to this disease, thus indicating the possible presence in 6V # 4 of gene(s) for adult plant resistance to Pt. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2199 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2203 Title: Introgressione criptica di DNA parentale in linee di frumento derivate da ibridazione intergenerica fra Triticum aestivum e Dasypyrum villosum Authors: Caceres, Maria Eugenia; Vaccino, Patrizia; Ceccarelli, Marilena; Sarri, Vania; Polizzi, Enza; De Pace, Ciro; Cionini, Pier Giorgio Abstract: Cytogenetic and DNA molecular analyses have been carried out in three wheat inbred lines (CS V58, CS V59 and CS V60), derived from Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) Dasypyrum villosum (Dv) intergeneric hybridization, which showed several Dv-specific phenotypic characters. All lines were found to share with CS the number (2n=42) and structure of the chromosomes and chromatin from Dv was apparently not added to their complement. However, Feulgen/DNA cytophotometry showed that there was more nuclear DNA in the lines than in the parental wheat (by 1.85%, 2.76% and 1.26% in CS V58, CVS V59 and CS V60, respectively). AFLP analysis of genomic DNA from the lines, CS and Dv detected a total of 120 polymorphic bands, 7 of which (5.8%) were present in both the lines and Dv but absent in CS. PCR amplification using specific primers revealed, in the genome of the lines, Dv alleles and not CS alleles at two loci (Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B3). These results indicate cryptic introgression of Dv DNA sequences into the genome of the lines. Some implications of this finding are briefly discussed. Fri, 31 Dec 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2203 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z