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    <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jun 2013 01:47:13 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2013-06-19T01:47:13Z</dc:date>
    <item>
      <title>Studi molecolari su licheni antartici e microrganismi associati</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/583</link>
      <description>Title: Studi molecolari su licheni antartici e microrganismi associati
Authors: Ruisi, Serena
Abstract: Nella presente ricerca sono stati analizzati campioni di licheni antartici provenienti da aree diverse della Terra Vittoria del Nord e del Sud (Antartide continentale), al fine di ottenere in coltura gli organismi ad essi associati. Altri campioni, raccolti in Antartide e in differenti località dell’Austria, appartenenti al complesso e discusso gruppo della Lecanora polytropa, che comprende anche la specie antartica endemica L. fuscobrunnea, sono stati analizzati allo scopo di delimitare il gruppo stesso. Per trattare al meglio questi due aspetti il lavoro è stato diviso in due parti: la prima relativa agli studi morfologici, fisiologici e molecolari condotti sulla parte coltivabile dei microrganismi associati ai licheni antartici, la seconda relativa all’analisi molecolare nell’ambito del gruppo Lecanora polytropa.&#xD;
I licheni sono associazioni simbiotiche costituite da funghi (micobionti) e alghe verdi e/o cianobatteri (fotobionti). Grazie alla loro capacità di crescere molto lentamente e sopravvivere a lungo, anche in condizioni estreme, essi possono costituire una nicchia ecologica stabile per altri microrganismi. A differenza dei componenti simbiotici, studiati e caratterizzati in modo approfondito, studi specifici sugli altri componenti di tali comunità sono ad oggi piuttosto scarsi. Nel presente lavoro è stata effettuata un’analisi morfologica,&#xD;
fisiologica e molecolare della frazione coltivabile delle popolazioni fungine e batteriche isolate da licheni provenienti da differenti località dell’Antartide continentale. I risultati mettono in evidenza che i licheni rappresentano una nicchia estremamente ricca in grado di&#xD;
ospitare una grande diversità di microrganismi. L’analisi filogenetica condotta su isolati fungini e batterici ha evidenziato la presenza di nuovi taxa che verranno descritti in un prossimo futuro. Dai dati ottenuti emerge che la simbiosi lichenica dovrebbe essere più correttamente considerata una comunità che ospita un’ampia diversità di microrganismi.&#xD;
Il genere Lecanora, incluso nell’ordine più grande tra i funghi lichenizzati(Lecanorales), è un esempio di un genere di licheni crostosi ampio ed eterogeneo. Nel presente lavoro è stata effettuato uno studio molecolare del gruppo Lecanora polytropa, basato sull’analisi delle sequenze ITS e RPB1 del micobionte. Lo studio include campioni epilitici&#xD;
provenienti da più località montuose dell’Austria e dalle Valli Secche della Terra Vittoria del Sud, Antartide, da cui proviene la specie endemica Lecanora fuscobrunnea. L’analisi filogenetica mostra la presenza di clusters distinti e ben separati e supportati, suggerendo la natura polifiletica del gruppo Lecanora polytropa, nonostante le specie analizzate non siano morfologicamente distinguibili.; Antarctic lichen samples collected in different localities from Northern and Southern Victoria Land (continental Antarctica), were analyzed to isolate the culturable diversity of associated microrganisms. Different lichen samples, collected from Antarctica and different localities of Austrian mountanis, belonging to the discussed Lecanora polytropa group, which include the antarctic endemic species Lecanora fuscobrunnea, were studied to define the group. The morphological, physiological and molecular analysis of the culturable fungal and bacterial populations and the molecular analysis of the Lecanora polytropa group are presented.&#xD;
Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi (mycobionts), green algae and/or cyanobacteria (photobionts). Since most lichens are long-living and slow growing organisms in diverse and sometimes extreme ecological conditions, they may provide a stable ecological niche for further microrganisms. Whereas the symbiotic components have been extensively described, the associated microrganisms inhabiting this niche has not&#xD;
been well characterized. A morphological, physiological and molecular analysis of the&#xD;
culturable fungal and bacterial populations isolated from lichens collected in different cold&#xD;
areas from continental Antarctica is presented. Results demonstrate that lichens represent&#xD;
an extremely rich “niche” hosting a wide diversity of microorganisms. The phylogenetic&#xD;
analysis of fungal and bacterial isolates shows the presence of new taxa which will be&#xD;
discussed in the next future. The lichen symbiosis might be thought as a community&#xD;
hosting a wide diversity of microrganisms.&#xD;
The genus Lecanora, a representing the largest order of lichenized fungi, Lecanorales, is&#xD;
an example of a large and heterogeneous crustose genus. A molecular phylogeny, based on ITS and RPB1 mycobiont sequences analyses, of the Lecanora polytropa group is presented. The study includes saxicolous members of the group collected from different locations of Austrian mountains; a further collection was made from the Dry Valleys (Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica) and include samples of the endemic species Lecanora fuscobrunnea. The phylogenetic analysis show the presence of distinct and well supported&#xD;
clusters, suggesting the poliphyletic behaviour of the species belonging to the Lecanora&#xD;
polytropa group, although the species analyzed are not strongly morphologically different.
Description: Dottorato di ricerca in Evoluzione biologica e biochimica</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2008 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/2067/583</guid>
      <dc:date>2008-10-21T22:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Culturable bacteria associated with Antarctic lichens: affiliation and psychrotolerance</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1471</link>
      <description>Title: Culturable bacteria associated with Antarctic lichens: affiliation and psychrotolerance
Authors: Selbmann, Laura; Zucconi, Laura; Ruisi, Serena; Grube, Martin; Cardinale, Massimo; Onofri, Silvano
Abstract: Antarctic habitats harbour yet unexplored&#xD;
niches for microbial communities. Among these, lichen symbioses are very long-living and stable microenvironments for bacterial colonization. In this work, we present a first assessment of the culturable fraction of bacteria associated&#xD;
with Antarctic lichens. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of 30 bacterial strains isolated from five epilithic lichens belonging to four species(Lecanora fuscobrunnea, Umbilicaria decussata, Usnea&#xD;
antarctica, Xanthoria elegans) shows that these represent the main bacterial lineages Actinobacteria, Firmicutes,&#xD;
Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus. Within the Actinomycetales, two strains group in the genera Arthrobacter and Knoellia, respectively. Most of the other Actinobacteria&#xD;
form well-supported groups, but could be assigned with certainty only at the family level, and one is in isolated position in the Mycobacteriaceae. The strains in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria belong to the genera Paenibacillus,&#xD;
Bacillus and Pseudomonas, which were already reported from lichen thalli. Some genera such as Burkholderia and Azotobacter, reported in the literature as also associated&#xD;
with lichens, have not been detected in this study. One strain represents the first record of Deinococcus in epilithic lichens; it is related to the species Deinococcus alpinitundrae&#xD;
from Alpine environments and may represent a new&#xD;
species. Further separated and well-supported clades indicate the presence of possibly new entities. Some of the examined strains are related to known psychrophilic&#xD;
bacteria isolated from ice and other extreme environments, others with bacteria distributed worldwide even in temperate&#xD;
climates. Most of the strains tested were able to grow at low temperatures, but tolerated a wider range of temperature.&#xD;
Ecological and evolutionary implications of these&#xD;
lichen-associated bacteria are discussed.
Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://www.springerlink.com/</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1471</guid>
      <dc:date>2009-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
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