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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1188" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1189" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1190" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1191" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1192" />
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1193" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1203" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1162" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1202" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1163" />
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    <dc:date>2013-05-19T09:26:34Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1188">
    <title>Chestnut pests in Central Italy.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1188</link>
    <description>Title: Chestnut pests in Central Italy.
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: In recent years interest in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivation has increased in Central Italy. Government Research Departments have been requested to address issues concerning plant health in chestnut orchards. The most pressing problem is linked to the presence of phytophages, which directly affect production.&#xD;
Chestnut quality represents is the most important features of saleable production. The main phytophagi affecting this crop have already been identified by researchers as: Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), Pammene fasciana L., Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.), Cydia splendana L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), among which the Curculionidae are the key pests.&#xD;
In Central Italy there are areas (Vallerano, Viterbo) where C. elephas may attack as much as 90 % of production, compromising the whole yield. The presence of tortrix moths also affects saleable production, but infestation levels are always lower than chestnut weevil levels.&#xD;
Guided and biological control tests are being carried out in order to contain key pest populations</description>
    <dc:date>1998-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1189">
    <title>Biological Control of Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Using the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1189</link>
    <description>Title: Biological Control of Hazelnut Weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Using the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: The need to biologically control phytophagous insects has led researchers to&#xD;
consider using microorganisms to control insect pests in the field. On this basis, we decided to conduct field tests to determine the effectiveness of a commercial product made of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) against the key hazelnut pest Curculio nucum L. Trials were carried out in a hazelnut orchard in the province of Viterbo (Italy). Three untreated control cages and three cages treated with the fungus entomopathogens were used during the tests. The cages were located under the hazelnut canopy and buried to half their height. 200 mature C. nucum larvae were placed in each cage and allowed to burrow naturally. After the larvae had buried themselves, a commercial product was applied to the three treated cages. Mortality was monitored during the following spring. The treated cages showed 99.5% C. nucum mortality as opposed to 63.5% for the untreated cages. These data show the effectiveness of the B. bassiana biological control on key insect pests for hazelnut trees in central Italy.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1190">
    <title>Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and Its Possible Involvement in Dieback (Moria) Diseases of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Plants in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1190</link>
    <description>Title: Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and Its Possible Involvement in Dieback (Moria) Diseases of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Plants in Central Italy
Authors: Balestra, Giorgio M.; Bucini, Danilo; Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano; Proietti Zolla, Cristina; Pucci, Claudio; Varvaro, Leonardo
Abstract: Hazelnut is one of the most important orchards in central Italy (Viterbo&#xD;
province). More than eighty phytophagous insect pests adversely affect hazelnut orchards, but only a few of these, such as Anisandrus dispar F. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), induce severe damage. A bacterial disease (called moria) constitutes one of the main phytopathological problems of hazelnut plants in central Italy. Two years ago, the Lazio Regional Government and local hazelnut cooperatives supported a research into the bio-ethology of A. dispar and its possible association with moria disease on hazelnut plants in Viterbo. In 2003 and 2004 two experimental hazelnut areas were selected in the Capranica and Caprarola districts (Viterbo), where eighteen chemio-chromotrophic traps were installed to study the dynamic population of A. dispar and to catch live Scolytidae females. Representative samples of live A. dispar females were used to isolate and identify the bacterial populations present both out- side and inside the insects. After two years 5,726 A. dispar females had been caught. Of more than 1,400 live A. dispar females, 10% were submitted to microbiological ana- lyses by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. The populations of the main bacteria (by outside and inside) associated with the phyto- phagous were identified as Erwinia billingae, Brenneria quercina, Pantoea cedenensis and Pseudomonas spp. Studies are currently in progress to: i) clarify the biological cycle of A. dispar; ii) identify the role (direct and/or indirect) of the insect respect to the epidemiology of moria disease; iii) carry on pathogenicity tests on bacterial isolates to prove their involvement in bacteriosis; iv) develop specific primers to identify the presence of these bacteria when associated with the insect and with asymptomatic hazelnut plants; v) verify the influence of environmental parameters on the biology of both the insect and the disease.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1191">
    <title>Management of Chestnut Weevil (Curculio spp.)1, Insect Key-Pest in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1191</link>
    <description>Title: Management of Chestnut Weevil (Curculio spp.)1, Insect Key-Pest in Central Italy
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: It is known that chestnut weevils [Curculio propinquus (Desbr.) and Curculio&#xD;
elephas (Gyll.)] are key insects in chestnut cultivation in many Italian regions. Although they have shown great variability through the years, pests can sometimes be very extensive affecting up to 60-70% of the crop. For this reason our research team has carried out a series of studies on the setting up of sampling, control and post har- vest treatment methods. This paper briefly describes the biology of Curculio propinquus Desb. which is a serious pest in chestnut orchards in the province of Viterbo (Italy). The paper also describes techniques of sampling adult insects, methods of pest control and the consequences of the cold-water treatment technique (“curatura”) on infestation of the commercial product.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1192">
    <title>Association of the Black Rot Fungus Ciboria batschiana with the Chestnut Weevil Curculio propinquus in Chestnut Orchards in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1192</link>
    <description>Title: Association of the Black Rot Fungus Ciboria batschiana with the Chestnut Weevil Curculio propinquus in Chestnut Orchards in Central Italy
Authors: Vettraino, Anna Maria; Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Pucci, Claudio; Vannini, Andrea
Abstract: The association of the black rot fungus Ciboria batschiana and the chestnut&#xD;
weevil Curculio propinquus was investigated. Insects from a single plantation located in a chestnut area in Viterbo, in the Lazio Region (Italy) were analysed for association with the fungus. Ciboria batschiana was detected in 2 out of 10 adults collected from the ground and 21 out of 22 adults from the trees. Only 33.3% of the larvae were found to be associated to the fungus. The ability of C. propinquus to carry the fungus was confirmed. Its role as a possible vector of this pathogen deserves further study.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1194">
    <title>Endemic	Parasitoids	of	Dryocosmus	kuriphilus	Y asumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cinipidae) in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1194</link>
    <description>Title: Endemic	Parasitoids	of	Dryocosmus	kuriphilus	Y asumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cinipidae) in Central Italy
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Stacchiotti, Manuela; Paparatti, Bruno
Abstract: The presence of chestnut gall wasp was reported for the first time in Northern Italy in 2002 and has subsequently spread rapidly in Central and Southern Italy. Knowing the harmfulness of this wasp for chestnut growing, we considered essential to inquire the cohort of parasitoids of this new insect for the Italian fauna. This research reports on preliminary results obtained in 2007 on the D. kuriphilus parasitoids in Central Italy. In particular, eight parasitoids species have been found: two Euritomidae [Sycophila biguttata (Swederus) Eurytoma brunniventris (Ratzeburg)], one Pteromalidae [Mosopolobus sericeus (Forster)], three Torymidae [Torymus flavipes (Walker), T. erucarum (Schrank), Megastigmus dorsalis (Fabricius)], one Eupelmidae [Eupelmus urozonus (Dalaman)] and one Ormyridae [Ormyrus pomaceus (Geoffroy)]. We report for the first time the presence of the Torymus erucarum as parasitoid of D. kuriphilus.</description>
    <dc:date>2008-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1193">
    <title>Electroantennographic Responses of Dryocosmus kuriphilus to Castanea sativa Leaf Volatiles</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1193</link>
    <description>Title: Electroantennographic Responses of Dryocosmus kuriphilus to Castanea sativa Leaf Volatiles
Authors: Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore; De Cristofaro, Antonio; Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Stacchiotti, Manuela; Rotundo, Giuseppe
Abstract: Electroantennographic (EAG) responses from adults of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus were recorded on stimulation with a given dose of 22 volatile compounds previously identified from Castanea sativa leaves. All compounds elicited measurable EAGs. The largest EAG amplitudes were recorded in response to the oxygenated monoterpenes, α-terpineol and linalool, and the green leaf volatiles (GLVs), (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol. EAGs to hydrocarbon monoterpenes and aromatics were generally weak. In preliminary Y-tube olfactometer bioassays the GLVs, hexyl acetate, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol were attractive when individually tested compared to a solvent control suggesting their possible role in the D. kuriphilus host plant selection. Identification of host plant attractants is useful to develop semiochemically based pest control strategies of the chestnut gall wasp.</description>
    <dc:date>2008-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1203">
    <title>Il Cinipide galligeno del castagno Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu un nuovo fitofago del castagno un nuovo pericolo per i castagneti italiani</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1203</link>
    <description>Title: Il Cinipide galligeno del castagno Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu un nuovo fitofago del castagno un nuovo pericolo per i castagneti italiani
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Comunicazione di arrivo in Italia del Cinipide galligeno del castagno. Documento di preallarme per il comprensorio del Monti Cimini (Viterbo, Italia).</description>
    <dc:date>2002-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1162">
    <title>Progetto “LAZIOFOR” programma triennale di studio sui principali lepidotteri defogliatori delle querce in aree boscate della Regione Lazio, Risultati.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1162</link>
    <description>Title: Progetto “LAZIOFOR” programma triennale di studio sui principali lepidotteri defogliatori delle querce in aree boscate della Regione Lazio, Risultati.
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno
Abstract: Pubblicazione voluta dalla Regione Lazio nell'ambito del "Programma triennale di studio sui principali lepidotteri defogliatori nelle aree boscate del Lazio. Questo studio offre indicazioni pratiche per una corretta gestione dei fitofagi delle foreste laziali.
Description: Obiettivi generali del progetto triennale :&#xD;
Evidenziare la dinamica spazio-temporale delle popolazioni dei lepidotteri defogliatori, con particolare riguardo per la Limantria Lymantria dispar (L.) e, quando presente, per la Processionaria della quercia Thaumetopoea processionea (L.) nelle aree boscate del Lazio;&#xD;
Effettuare una valutazione empirica dei danni alle piante e al bosco;&#xD;
Evidenziare l’eventuale presenza di antagonisti naturali;&#xD;
Valutare la necessità di mettere in atto un’eventuale strategia di protezione ecocompatibile, da sperimentare nel corso della realizzazione del Programma.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1202">
    <title>Capturas de adultos de Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) mediante armadilhas cromotrópicas e ferormónicas para a previsão da infestação</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1202</link>
    <description>Title: Capturas de adultos de Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) mediante armadilhas cromotrópicas e ferormónicas para a previsão da infestação
Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Speranza, Stefano; Lipizzi, Fabio
Abstract: The authors show the results of an experiment made in 1988, 1989 and 1994 in a olive-grove in Alto Lazio (Central Italy). The trial included monitoring of adults, the observation on the infestation and climatic data.</description>
    <dc:date>1996-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1163">
    <title>Biological control of chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas Gyll.; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the entomopathogens fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1163</link>
    <description>Title: Biological control of chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas Gyll.; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the entomopathogens fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: This paper reports on results obtained in biological control of chestnut weevil by means of the entomopathogen fungus Beauveria bassiana.</description>
    <dc:date>1998-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1206">
    <title>Harmful infestation forecasting models caused by Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.)(Diptera, Tephritidae)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1206</link>
    <description>Title: Harmful infestation forecasting models caused by Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.)(Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Si illustrano due modelli di analisi canonica di previsione della gravità dell'infestazione basate su catture di maschi e delle femmine di Bactrocera oleae. Tali modelli sono stati verificati con successo nell'anno 2004 nell'ambiente olivicolo costiero del Montenegro sulla cultivar Zutica e nel 2005 nell'ambiente olivicolo dell'Alto Lazio (Viterbo, Italia) sulla cultivar Canino.</description>
    <dc:date>2005-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1250">
    <title>DINAMICA DI COORTI DI HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜB.) ALIMENTATE CON POMODORO TRANSGENICO</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1250</link>
    <description>Title: DINAMICA DI COORTI DI HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜB.) ALIMENTATE CON POMODORO TRANSGENICO
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Dattilo, A.M.; Carlini, Laura; Severini, Maurizio; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: From the eggs laid on the same day by lepidopteron noctuid Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) females, three cohorts were formed. These were bred in a climatic chamber under the same temperature conditions (T = 27°C ± 1°C) and photoperiod (18 hours of light and 6 hours of darkness) and in different feeding conditions. The first cohort was fed with transgenic tomato leaves (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) for the KTI3 genes (a soy gene that codifies for a Kunitz type tryptic inhibitor), the second with transgenic tomato leaves for the AtCys genes (a Arabidopsis thaliana gene, codifying for a cystatinic inhibitor) and the thrid with non transgenic tomato leaves (control). Three new second generation cohorts were formed with the newborn of first generation adults and bred, until the adult stage, under the same laboratory conditions. The experiment was repeated twice. A comparison between the times that the three first and second generation cohorts reached their different lifestyle stages did not show significant differences (P&lt;0.25); this leads us to exclude the possible sub-lethal effects for the H. armigera cohorts fed with both the transgenic diets. This innovative research of the valuation of the sub-lethal effects of the exogenous molecules in transgenic plants increases the knowledge of the new plant-phytophagan interactions that will occur in nature after the controlled release of the new phytophagan-resistant plants.</description>
    <dc:date>2001-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1276">
    <title>Modello previsionale del rischio di attacco del punteruolo rosso delle palme (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) nel Lazio: ipotesi di lavoro.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1276</link>
    <description>Title: Modello previsionale del rischio di attacco del punteruolo rosso delle palme (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) nel Lazio: ipotesi di lavoro.
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Alilla, Roberta; Pesolillo, Simone; Severini, Maurizio
Abstract: In questo lavoro si propone di mettere a punto un  modello di diagnosi e previsione del rischio di attacco delle popolazioni di R. ferrugineus nel Lazio che possa fornire il supporto  adeguato per la gestione degli interventi fitoiatrici in relazione alla presenza ed alla diffusione nel territorio del puntuerolo rosso delle palme.</description>
    <dc:date>2007-02-28T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1271">
    <title>Le ricerche sul cinipide galligeno del castagno: stato dell’arte.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1271</link>
    <description>Title: Le ricerche sul cinipide galligeno del castagno: stato dell’arte.
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Breve nota sulla stato dell'arte sul cinipide galligeno del castagno.</description>
    <dc:date>2009-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1277">
    <title>Applicazione del modello a ritardo variabile per la simulazione della fenologia degli stadi preimmaginali del balanino del castagno Curculio propinquus (Desbr.)(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1277</link>
    <description>Title: Applicazione del modello a ritardo variabile per la simulazione della fenologia degli stadi preimmaginali del balanino del castagno Curculio propinquus (Desbr.)(Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Alilla, Roberta; Pesolillo, Simone; Stacchiotti, Manuela; Paparatti, Bruno; Severini, Maurizio
Abstract: La castanicoltura nel Centro Italia si trova ad affrontare rilevanti perdite di produzione a causa, in particolare, dei danni provocati dagli attacchi di due specie di balanino (Curculio elephas e Curculio propinquus). Nel 2004 nell’area dei Monti Cimini (VT) è iniziata una campagna di campionamenti settimanali del balanino nel periodo agosto-ottobre in castagneti da frutto infestati, non trattati, allo scopo di costruire un modello di simulazione della dinamica di popolazione dell’insetto. In questa sede saranno trattati i risultati preliminari riguardanti la simulazione della fenologia degli stadi preimmaginali dell’insetto, eseguita mediante il Modello a Ritardo Variabile (MRV).</description>
    <dc:date>2007-02-28T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1278">
    <title>Rinvenimento del fungo entomopatogeno Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Su Rhynchophorus ferrugineus nel Lazio e prove di patogenicità.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1278</link>
    <description>Title: Rinvenimento del fungo entomopatogeno Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Su Rhynchophorus ferrugineus nel Lazio e prove di patogenicità.
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Pizzuolo, Pablo Humberto; Lucero, Gabriela Susana; Mazzaglia, Angelo
Abstract: Durante sopralluoghi nelle aree infestate della Regione Lazio sono stati rilevati individui con infezioni naturali di funghi entomopatogeni. Tali insetti sono stati sottoposti a protocolli di isolamento che hanno permesso di ottenere diverse colonie fungine. Il loro studio, morfologico prima e molecolare poi, ha ripetutamente evidenziato la presenza del fungo entomopatogeno Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill.</description>
    <dc:date>2009-04-30T22:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2317">
    <title>Controllo di Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) mediante impiego di Spinosad</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2317</link>
    <description>Title: Controllo di Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) mediante impiego di Spinosad
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Terrosi, Alessandra; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: È stato valutato l’effetto dello Spinosad nei confronti della mortalità dei diversi stadi di sviluppo della Dorifora della patata (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). La sperimentazione è stata condotta presso l’azienda Didattico Sperimentale dell’Università degli Studi della Tuscia (Viterbo). L’analisi dei risultati evidenzia un chiaro effetto dei due interventi sulla mortalità dei differenti stadi di sviluppo. Tali differenze trovano riscontro anche sull’entità della produzione dei tuberi; nella parcella trattata è stata ottenuta una produzione del 30% superiore rispetto al testimone.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2209">
    <title>Alternative animal protein sources for aquaculture: a preliminary study on nutritional traits of Mediterranean brocade (Spodoptera littoralis, Boisduval) larvae</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2209</link>
    <description>Title: Alternative animal protein sources for aquaculture: a preliminary study on nutritional traits of Mediterranean brocade (Spodoptera littoralis, Boisduval) larvae
Authors: Danieli, Pier Paolo; Ronchi, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: In formulating diets for farmed aquatic species, the main ingredi- ent used is fish meal (FM). Due to the growth that aquaculture is experiencing throughout the world, the increasing demand of feeds is resulting in a FM price increase that represents an eco- nomic limit for fish farming. The need to seek protein sources alternative to FM is a matter of great interest. Among others, the use of insect larvae as feed for fish represents an interesting alter- native. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional traits of mediterranean brocade larvae (Spodoptera littoralis Bois.) in view of their possible use as feedstuffs for rainbow trout. A sample of mediterranean brocade larvae (MBL) (VI instar) and one of pupae (MBP) were assayed for fat (EE), ash (ASH) and crude pro- tein (CP) contents by conventional methods. Amino-acidic profile was obtained by HPLC on sample hydrolysates. Relative digestibil- ity of protein (RDP) was estimated by the Lazo (1988) method. Data, expressed on DM basis, were compared with those of a com- mercial feed (CF). The fat content of MBL was lower than that recorded for CF (9.4% vs 13.6%) while MBP showed a very high value (30.3% DM). Ashes in MBL (7.7%) and MBP (6.7%) were lower than in the CF (10.9%). The CP content of MBL (44.3%) was slightly higher than the CF (40.0%) but lower than in MBP (59.1%). The RDP of MBL and MBP were about a half of the value observed in CF (27.2%). Both MBL and MBP showed a lower per- centage of essential amino acids (AA) (35.8%, 36.8%) compared to CF (39.4%) even if the AA profiles were in line with the require- ments found in literature for rainbow trout. In conclusion, these preliminary results suggest that preimaginal stages of S. littoralis may be of interest in fish feeding, though more exhaustive studies have to be performed to fully assess their use as alternative for fish meal.</description>
    <dc:date>2010-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2249">
    <title>Prove di controllo guidato degli afidi del pomodoro da industria [(Myzus persicae (Sulz.) e Aphis fabae (Scop.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)] e analisi quali-quantitative della produzione nella zona litoranea dell’Alto Lazio</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2249</link>
    <description>Title: Prove di controllo guidato degli afidi del pomodoro da industria [(Myzus persicae (Sulz.) e Aphis fabae (Scop.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)] e analisi quali-quantitative della produzione nella zona litoranea dell’Alto Lazio
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Results of a biennal study of tomatoes aphids carried out by the Department of Plant Protection of the University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Growers of industrial tomato crops in the Northern Lazio area normally carry out eight regular pesticide treatments during the period of cultivation, starting when the first sign of aphids appears. The result obtained shows that 2 or 3 treatments are sufficient to garantee a good crop both quantitatively and qualitatively. Sometimes, however, the most relevant damages often attributable to aphids are caused by the trasmission of a virus. It is advisable, in this situation, to treat the plants as soon as the first six leaves appear with persistent active ingredients for example Imidacloprid which has a durability of 25 - 30 days.; Vengono esposti i risultati di una sperimentazione, condotta, nel biennio 1994-1995, dal Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante dell’Università della Tuscia volta a mettere a punto sistemi di controllo guidato degli afidi infestanti il pomodoro.&#xD;
Al pomodoro da industria nella zona dell’Alto Lazio normalmente vengono eseguiti, dagli agricoltori della zona, otto interventi insetticidi a calendario ad iniziare dalla comparsa dei primi individui. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che sono sufficienti due o tre trattamenti per garantire un buon livello produttivo sia dal punto di vista qualitativo che quantitativo. Talvolta però i danni più rilevanti imputabili agli afidi sono determinati dalla trasmissione di virus; in tali situazioni è consigliabile effettuare un trattamento alla comparsa delle prime sei foglioline con principi attivi a lunga persistenza, quali ad esempio l’Imidacloprid che hanno un tempo di copertura di 25-30 giorni.</description>
    <dc:date>1997-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2259">
    <title>Biological control of Tuta absoluta in Argentina and in Italy: evaluation of indigenous insects as natural enemies</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2259</link>
    <description>Title: Biological control of Tuta absoluta in Argentina and in Italy: evaluation of indigenous insects as natural enemies
Authors: Luna, Gabriela; Sánchez, Norma; Pereyra, Patricia; Nieves, Eliana; Savino, Vivina; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Biological and ecological attributes of Tuta absoluta, as well as, some aspects of parasitoid-host &#xD;
interaction of T. absoluta egg and larval parasitoids in the laboratory and in the field. Currently, &#xD;
results indicate that immature  T. absoluta stages are attacked by a parasitoid community &#xD;
spontaneously present in tomato crops in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and in Italy. Especially for &#xD;
the larval stage, the parasitoid wasps Pseudapanteles dignus and Dineulophus phtorimaeae are &#xD;
proven to coexist in the field, and show characteristics that suggest that they could be considered &#xD;
as biocontrol agents against the pest by means of augmentative releases. Field evaluation of &#xD;
effective biological control achieved by  P. dignus and/or  D. pthorimaeae  will assess their &#xD;
compatibility with IPM on tomato, and our assessment of economic feasibility of parasitoid mass &#xD;
rearing.</description>
    <dc:date>2010-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2260">
    <title>The current status of Tuta absoluta in Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2260</link>
    <description>Title: The current status of Tuta absoluta in Italy
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Sannino, Luigi
Abstract: The cultivation of tomato and other Solanaceae, are of main importance for European agriculture. The revival of the Mediterranean diet is helping to bring back to the tables of European people many Solanaceae, and particularly tomato. The European and International interest in the processed tomato products has sharply increased in the attention on this culture. Nevertheless tomato is a plant already strongly infested by insect pests. The state of the art on the spread of moth Gelechiidae, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Italy will be presented, in addition, we will show data concerning surveying strategies to monitor the insect at regional level.
Description: L'articolo è disponibile all'indirizzo: http://archives.eppo.org/MEETINGS/2011_conferences/tuta/brochure_tuta.pdf</description>
    <dc:date>2010-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2248">
    <title>Catture di nottua gialla del pomodoro mediante Traptest® innescate con differenti dosi di feromone</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2248</link>
    <description>Title: Catture di nottua gialla del pomodoro mediante Traptest® innescate con differenti dosi di feromone
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Un’analisi dell’efficacia di due differenti dosaggi di miscela feromonica sessuale femminile della nottua gialla del pomodoro (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner; Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) rilasciata con due diversi erogatori ha evidenziato un’efficacia di cattura assai limitata nel tempo.</description>
    <dc:date>2000-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2257">
    <title>Evaluación de la virulencia de dos cepas autóctonas y una comercial del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) en larvas de Galleria mellonella (L.)(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2257</link>
    <description>Title: Evaluación de la virulencia de dos cepas autóctonas y una comercial del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) en larvas de Galleria mellonella (L.)(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Pizzuolo, Pablo H.; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: Numerosos estudios en el ámbito agrícola han sido realizados utilizando a Beauveria bassiana como agente de control biológico. Si bien han sido llevadas a cabo numerosas investigaciones sobre la virulencia de cepas autóctonas de B. bassiana ninguna de ellas trata la problemática en Italia central y particularmente en la zona del Alto Lazio. El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la virulencia de cepas de B. bassiana autóctonas del Alto Lazio (Italia) respecto a cepas comerciales de la misma especie fúngica entomopatógena.</description>
    <dc:date>2001-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2250">
    <title>Prima segnalazione di Otiorrhynchus cribricollis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) dannoso alla carota (Daucus carota L. var. sativus [Hoff.]) nel litorale laziale.</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2250</link>
    <description>Title: Prima segnalazione di Otiorrhynchus cribricollis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) dannoso alla carota (Daucus carota L. var. sativus [Hoff.]) nel litorale laziale.
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Mochetti, Massimiliano
Abstract: The Authors, after a short description of the morphology and the biology of O. cribricollis, point out for the first time that the species is harmful to carrots on the Lazio coast-line. The damage has affected 20% of its production and has been caused by the larvae excavating blind tunnels. No damage can be ascribed to the adults which have probably reached the carrot crops from other crops. Although the extent of the infestation is limited to the perimeter of the crop, it is worth investigating the abiotic and biotic factors which regulate the dynamics of the O. cribricollis population. This is seen as necessary in order to find rational methods of control.</description>
    <dc:date>1997-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2258">
    <title>IPM trials on attract-and-kill mixtures against the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera Tephritidae</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2258</link>
    <description>Title: IPM trials on attract-and-kill mixtures against the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera Tephritidae
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Bellocchi, Gianni; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: The key insect pest of the olive grove is the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) because it affects the quantitative and qualitative production of olive oil. In order to first attract and then kill B. oleae adults before egg laying, thus limiting the infestation and avoiding treatments on the whole olive grove, we tested a mixture of the female sexual pheromone of the olive fly (1.7 dioxaspiro-5.5 undecane), the protein hydrolisate Buminal, and the insecticide Deltamethrin. We also tested different doses of the female&#xD;
sexual pheromone (1999: 1.212 ml/hl water and 2.424 ml/hl water; 2000: 2.424 ml/hl water and 4.848 ml/hl water). Both in 1999 and in 2000, treatments were applied when the gravity index Z exceeded the threshold level Z &gt; 0.10. Irrespective of the general infestation level (high or low), the mixture successfully attracted and killed B. oleae adults. In both years, the mixture containing the pheromone at a dose of 2.424 ml/hl was the most effective.
Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2251">
    <title>A molecular assay to investigate the possible association between the chestnut weevil curculio propinquus and the black rot fungus rachodiella castaneae</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2251</link>
    <description>Title: A molecular assay to investigate the possible association between the chestnut weevil curculio propinquus and the black rot fungus rachodiella castaneae
Authors: Vettraino, Anna Maria; Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Pucci, Claudio; Vannini, Andrea
Abstract: Black rot, induced by Rachodiella castaneae Pyr. [teleomorph: Sclerotinia pseudotuberosa Rehm.; syn. Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) Buchw.], and the chestnut weevil [Curculio propinquus (Desbr.)] are among the most serious phytosanitary problems of the chest- nut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruit industry in Italy, causing relevant economic losses at harvest and during storage. Symptoms of black rot are frequent in nuts infested by C. propinquus, and hence an association between the fungus and the insect has been hypothesised. To verify this hypothesis, clusters of immature burrs from three trees in a chestnut area in Central Italy were covered with a net and treated as follow: (i) infested with C. propinquus adults that had been artificially contaminated with R. castaneae; (ii) infested with C. propinquus uncontaminated adults; (iii) uninfested negative control. At harvest time, the nets were re- moved and the adults of the insects and chestnut fruits were col- lected. Due to the inefficacy of traditional diagnostic methods, the detection R. castaneae in C. propinquus and in chestnut fruits was performed by PCR. Two sequences specific for R. castaneae were identified in the ITS region of rDNA, and two species-spe- cific primers (RAC1 and RAC2) were designed. R. castaneae was detected in more than 90% of the chestnut weevils analysed, re- gardless the treatment, and in 77, 73, and 92% of nuts following the treatments (i), (ii) and (iii), respectively. These findings sug- gest an endophytic habitus of R. castaneae in chestnut fruits and that C. propinquus is a potential vector of the pathogen.</description>
    <dc:date>2002-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2245">
    <title>Cydia splendana</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2245</link>
    <description>Title: Cydia splendana
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Data sheet on Cydia splendana: taxonomic groups, internationally used common names, hosts, symptoms, geographical distribution, biology and ecology, natural enemies, economics impact, control, references.
Description: Il lavoro è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.cabi.org/cpc/default.aspx?site=161&amp;page=2202, http://www.cabi.org/cpc/default.aspx?site=161&amp;page=4063.</description>
    <dc:date>2000-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2266">
    <title>Il cinghiale e la farfalla</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2266</link>
    <description>Title: Il cinghiale e la farfalla
Authors: Amici, Andrea; Paparatti, Bruno; Serrani, Fioravante; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Analisi preliminare di interazione tra le infestazioni dei boschi legate alla limantria e le popolazioni di cinghiale.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2268">
    <title>Monitoriamo il bosco, salviamo il bosco</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2268</link>
    <description>Title: Monitoriamo il bosco, salviamo il bosco
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Si descrive la necessità di un continuo monitoraggio del bosco nei confronti delle temibili infestazioni dovute ai lepidotteri defogliatori.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2269">
    <title>Prove di controllo delle popolazioni di Curculio spp. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2269</link>
    <description>Title: Prove di controllo delle popolazioni di Curculio spp. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo)
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: In this work we compare two different chemical treatments to control adults of chestnut weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in two-year period (2001-2002). Curculio elephas (Gyll.) and Curculio propinquus (Desbr.) are the insect key pests of chestnut in Monti Cimini area (Viterbo, Italy). The second one is the most dangerous. The active ingredients (a.i.) used are the Rotenone and Lambda-cyalothrine. The second a.i. show a greater effectiveness against the Curculio spp., but the problem of this compound likely stimulating for mite populations.  For a correct management to control these insect pests we suggest to put the chemical treatment in the Integrated Pests Management chestnut programme.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2256">
    <title>Uso dell'endoterapia nel controllo del Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2256</link>
    <description>Title: Uso dell'endoterapia nel controllo del Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Si intende presentare un riassunto sullo stato dell’arte delle conoscenze acquisite sulla metodica dell’endoterapia applicata alle palme e sulle corrette procedure da eseguire per l’ottenimento del miglior risultato di controllo delle popolazioni del punteruolo delle palme.; This work aims at summarizing the state of the art knowledge acquired on trunk injection methods applied to palms and on the correct procedures to obtain the best results in red palm weevil control.</description>
    <dc:date>2007-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2255">
    <title>Involvement of Insect Pests in Plant and Crop Stress</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2255</link>
    <description>Title: Involvement of Insect Pests in Plant and Crop Stress
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Mazzaglia, Angelo; Harfouche, Antoine; Heydari, Asghar
Abstract: In the following chapter, we analyze in depth how the insect herbivores find host plants and arrive in a patch, how damaging the plant tissue causes stress, how the plant responds to damage and the effects of this stress on growth and reproduction of the plant.</description>
    <dc:date>2009-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2246">
    <title>Tecniche alternative alla curatura per il controllo degli stadi preimmaginali di balanino (Curculio spp.) presenti nelle castagne</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2246</link>
    <description>Title: Tecniche alternative alla curatura per il controllo degli stadi preimmaginali di balanino (Curculio spp.) presenti nelle castagne
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Mencarelli, Fabio
Abstract: Il mercato impone che i frutti commercializzati freschi siano sottoposti a processi volti al controllo degli stadi preimmaginali di balanino presenti nelle castagne. Il consumatore tende, per alcuni settori merceologici, a ricercare principalmente un prodotto di qualità senza residui di prodotti chimici. Alla luce di queste due affermazioni si sono volute saggiare tecniche di post-raccolta per la conservazione dei frutti e per il contenimento dei fitofagi senza ausilio di prodotti chimici. Allo scopo di evidenziare la tecnica più appropriata, sono state saggiate, per l’intervento di curatura delle castagne, nel biennio 2003-2004, oltre alla tradizionale curatura in acqua fredda, la curatura in acqua acida e il trattamento in atmosfera controllata. I dati raccolti evidenziano che la curatura in acqua fredda risulta essere, tra quelli saggiati, ancora il miglior metodo per sopprimere gli stadi preimmaginali di balanino presenti nelle castagne.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2254">
    <title>Tecniche alternative alla curatura per il controllo degli stadi preimmaginali di balanino (Curculio spp.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) presenti nelle castagne</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2254</link>
    <description>Title: Tecniche alternative alla curatura per il controllo degli stadi preimmaginali di balanino (Curculio spp.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) presenti nelle castagne
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Mencarelli, Fabio; Vailati, Matteo
Abstract: Chestnuts were cured in tap water (7 d), in water at pH=3 for 1 d, in water at pH=3 for 5 d, in CO2 (50%) for 7 d at 15°C, or N2 (100%) for 7 d at 15°C. After the treatment chestnuts were kept in cold store at 15°C and 90% relative humidity for 2 months. Tap water resulted the best treatment for controlling the preimaginal stages of  chestnuts weevil larvae.  The same treatment was effective even in  maintaining the quality of chestnuts in term of sugar content and black decay development. The scarce effect of nitrogen and carbon dioxide can be imputed to the short time of treatment.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2253">
    <title>Simulazione dello sviluppo fenologico del coleottero Chrysomela populi L. mediante il modello a ritardo distribuito: studio di fattibilità</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2253</link>
    <description>Title: Simulazione dello sviluppo fenologico del coleottero Chrysomela populi L. mediante il modello a ritardo distribuito: studio di fattibilità
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Alilla, Roberta; Pesolillo, Simone; Severini, Maurizio
Abstract: In ambito forestale gli insetti defogliatori sono tra i principali artefici del deperimento delle aree boschive, la Chrysomela populi L. è il principale defogliatore del pioppo potendo determinare gravi danni alle piante di giovane età. L’effetto dell’insetto si esplica in un danno diretto ed in uno indiretto; il primo consiste nella riduzione della capacità fotosintetica della pianta, il secondo in quella delle scorte energetiche mobilitate dalla pianta per lo sviluppo di nuove foglie.&#xD;
Uno dei principali scopi del progetto europeo EUROFACE, è di individuare le possibili variazioni della fenologia del pioppo nelle condizioni previste di incremento dei valori della CO2 atmosferica. In questo ambito, si è sviluppato l’interesse per lo studio della dinamica di popolazione di C. populi in relazione alla fenologia del pioppo in condizioni di aumento della concentrazione di CO2. La fattibilità di un tale studio è stata affrontata tramite l’applicazione di un modello di simulazione della fenologia dell’insetto basato sulla teoria dei ritardi distribuiti. Il modello, ‘Distributed Delay Model’- DDM (Manetsch, 1976), è in grado di simulare il passaggio degli individui di una popolazione attraverso gli stadi del loro ciclo vitale (sviluppo fenologico), osservando che gli individui che entrano contemporaneamente in un dato stadio di sviluppo (coorte), ne escono distribuiti nel tempo (sviluppo stocastico). Nella formulazione a temperatura variabile ′Time Varying Delay′- TVD, l’inserimento della temperatura dell’ambiente in cui vive l’insetto consente di simulare la dinamica della popolazione anche in campo. I dati che influenzano significativamente la stima dei parametri biologici e climatici necessari per la formulazione del modello, sono stati desunti in letteratura e successivamente utilizzati per la simulazione dello sviluppo fenologico del crisomelide.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2247">
    <title>Incidenza della raccolta meccanizzata sulle infestazioni di balanino (Curculio spp.)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2247</link>
    <description>Title: Incidenza della raccolta meccanizzata sulle infestazioni di balanino (Curculio spp.)
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano; Monarca, Danilo; Cecchini, Massimo
Abstract: Sono state confrontate due tecniche di raccolta meccanizzata delle castagne con quella manuale per valutare il loro impatto sulle infestazioni di balanino. Dai dati ottenuti si evidenzia che la raccolta meccanizzata permette di asportare completamente i frutti dal terreno rimuovendo anche le castagne visivamente infestate e che ancora contengono al loro interno stadi preimmaginali del fitofago. Questa tecnica consente  quindi di  ridurre il potenziale di infestazione presente in pieno campo.; Two different techniques of mechanized harvest of chestnuts was compared with manual harvest to assess the weevil infestation. Collected data show that the mechanized harvest allows to remove completely the fruits from the soil, also removing the chestnuts visually infested and still containing the insects. This technique concurs therefore to reduce the problem of weevil infestation.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2252">
    <title>Prova di campionamento degli adulti di balanino del castagno (Curculio propinquus Desbr.) per mezzo di trappole cromotropiche e chemio-tropiche</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2252</link>
    <description>Title: Prova di campionamento degli adulti di balanino del castagno (Curculio propinquus Desbr.) per mezzo di trappole cromotropiche e chemio-tropiche
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano; Terrosi, Alessandra; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: Several research aiming at getting ready some adult population monitoring systems are being carried out to establish an exact correlation between the capture of adults and the  infestation of chestnuts with C. propinquus. To this purpose, cross traps in different colours (red, yellow, blue, transparent), activated with alcohol denatured with toluene or not activated have been placed. The experiments have been carried out in two different biotypes in the surroundings of Viterbo.&#xD;
The results show a low extent of captures and a consequent modest fruit infestation in the chestnut wood located in Vallerano (&lt;5%), while a fair amount of captures was reported in the highly infested area (40%) located in Carbognano. Yet no significant differences among the captures were reported and no correlation coefficient between captures and fruit infestation was determined.&#xD;
It is thus necessary to experiment more effective systems to monitor the adult population.; Curculio propinquus, risulta essere l’insetto chiave della coltura del castagno nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo). Le infestazioni pur essendo caratterizzate da una notevole variabilità negli anni, possono talvolta essere molto elevate, interessando anche il 60% della produzione. Per questa ragione, il nostro gruppo di ricerca ha programmato dal 2001 una serie di studi per la messa a punto di razionali metodologie di controllo. A questo scopo, risulta indispensabile formulare una tecnica di  campionamento degli adulti che sia di facile applicazione, poco onerosa e che permetta ai castanicoltori di individuare il momento dello sfarfallamento del curculionide nonché la sua densità e quindi predisporre in tempo utile l’eventuale trattamento. &#xD;
La sperimentazione e’ stata condotta in due castagneti tipici notoriamente caratterizzati da due differenti livelli di infestazione e rispettivamente Vallerano con bassa infestazione e Carbognano con elevata. Per il monitoraggio degli adulti sono state utilizzate 24 trappole adesive a croce per ciascuno dei due castagneti: 12 innescate con alcool etilico e 12 non innescate. Le trappole utilizzate erano di differenti colori, e precisamente: quattro rosse, quattro gialle e quattro trasparenti. Le trappole sono state posizionate, una per pianta, a metà altezza della chioma, e controllate due volte la settimana annotando il numero di adulti catturati per sesso. Parallelamente, con la stessa periodicità, sono stati effettuati controlli della popolazione adulta mediante lo scuotimento delle branche, sfruttando il noto fenomeno della tanatosi. &#xD;
I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato una bassa entità delle catture e una conseguente modesta infestazione dei frutti nel castagneto di Vallerano (&lt;5%), mentre nella parcella altamente infestata (40%) sita a Carbognano, si è riscontrato un discreto valore di catture.&#xD;
Esaminando l’andamento delle catture dei differenti tipi di trappole, di diverso colore, innescate e non, non emergono dati significativi per il Castagneto di Vallerano. Al contrario per il castagneto di Carbognano, le trappole non innescate, di colore giallo indicano, con sufficiente precisione, l’inizio degli sfarfallamenti del curculionide, pur non rappresentando uno strumento in grado di valutare adeguatamente la sua densità di popolazione nel tempo.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2261">
    <title>Livelli di attività antiproteinasiche in piante transgeniche di pomodoro esprimenti  inibitori di proteinasi a serina e a cisteina</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2261</link>
    <description>Title: Livelli di attività antiproteinasiche in piante transgeniche di pomodoro esprimenti  inibitori di proteinasi a serina e a cisteina
Authors: Farisei, Francesca; Panichi, Daniela; Poerio, Elia; Speranza, Stefano; Pucci, Claudio; Fonzo, Valentina; Caccia, Riccardo; Soressi, Gian Piero
Abstract: Tomato plants transgenic for genes coding for protein inhibitors, were tested in order to evaluate their capability to inhibit the commercial proteinase activities as well as those present in the midgut of the phytophagous insect Helicoverpa armigera. Leaf extracts of Pi-IV (gene from soybean coding for a Bowman-Birk-like trypsin inhibitor) transgenic T3 plants (cv. UC-82) are able to inhibit bovine pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-like activity of the phytophagous insect 4 times more than control plant extracts; extracts of KTI3 (gene from soybean coding for a Kunitz-like tripsine inhibitor) transgenic T3 plants (cv. Riogrande) are able to inhibit bovine pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-like activity of the insect 200 times more than control plant extracts; leaf extracts of AtCys (gene from Arabidopsis coding for a cysteine protease inhibitor) transgenic T2 plants (cv. Riogrande) are able to inhibit commercial papain and cysteine-like activity of the insect 4 times more than control plant extracts. On the basis of the data it would be interesting, for both speculative and applicative purposes, to use these transgenic plants in order to verify in vivo the action on the mortality and/or on the reproduction ability of the H. armigera, particularly dangerous to the tomato crop.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2270">
    <title>Biosaggi plurigenerazionali sull’Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) alimentata con foglie di pomodoro transgenico per il gene KTI3 (Kunitz)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2270</link>
    <description>Title: Biosaggi plurigenerazionali sull’Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) alimentata con foglie di pomodoro transgenico per il gene KTI3 (Kunitz)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Fonzo, Valentina; Soressi, Gian Piero; Pucci, Claudio
Abstract: H. armigera is, together with aphids, one of the industrial tomato key insects in central Italy. Its trophic action causes a decrease in the marketable production with high social costs for the agricultural operators. The aim of the present work was to perform a bioassay on the cotton bollworm, feeding the larva with Kunitz proteinase inhibitor coded by the KTI3 gene transgenic plant leaves. The molecules belonging to the Kunitz family have a molecular weight of 21-24 kDa and inhibit the serine proteinase, resulting active in the pH interval 9-11, that is the distinctive interval of Lepidoptera larva midgut. Riogrande cultivar tomato plants were transformed with the KTI3 gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The analysis of the data obtained and their elaboration show a direct effect (negative) on the Lepidoptera biology, particularly in the second generation; this result could have, in the future, a direct containment action of the phytophagous populations in nature, causing a relevant decrease of the marketable production cull percentage.</description>
    <dc:date>2003-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2272">
    <title>Results of a two-year study on bioethology and control of chestnut orchard key-pest Curculio elephas (Gyll.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2272</link>
    <description>Title: Results of a two-year study on bioethology and control of chestnut orchard key-pest Curculio elephas (Gyll.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Central Italy
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Detailed studies were conducted over a  two-year period (1998-1999) on bioethology and control of Curculio elephas (chestnut weevil). It was confirmed development and timing of the biological cycle of the species in central Italy, as it was outlined in previous studies (Cinti et al. 1993, Speranza 1999). In some biotopes, this phytophagous represents the key-pest of chestnut orchards. Two active ingredients (Lamda-Cyhalothrin and Rotenone) recommended for chemical control of adult populations of C. elephas were also tested.</description>
    <dc:date>2000-04-30T22:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2273">
    <title>Efficacy of Trap Test capturing of chestnut tortix moth (Pammene fasciana L., Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.) and Cydia splendana Hb.) in Central Italy</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2273</link>
    <description>Title: Efficacy of Trap Test capturing of chestnut tortix moth (Pammene fasciana L., Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.) and Cydia splendana Hb.) in Central Italy
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Many phytophagus are reported to cause damage to chestnut trees (Paparatti et al. 1998, Pollini 1998, Cinti et al. 1995). However a recent survey carried out in Central Italy has identified  chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas Gyll.; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and  tortrix moths (Pammene fasciana L., Cydia fagiglandana (Zell.) and Cydia splendana Hb.; Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) as the most damaging pests of chestnut fruits (Speranza, 1999). During the last years the damage caused by the over cited insects increased remarkably. In order to have an idea of the flight activity of these pests, it has been decided to investigate the presence of adults of the 3 species of tortrix moths in 3 chestnut orchards in the area of the Monti Cimini, Viterbo (IT). Surveys have been carried out in the period 1997-1998.</description>
    <dc:date>2000-04-30T22:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2275">
    <title>Progetto regione Lazio - PRAL 118. Il kiwi nel Lazio: innovazioni in punti critici della filiera dalla pianta al consumatore</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2275</link>
    <description>Title: Progetto regione Lazio - PRAL 118. Il kiwi nel Lazio: innovazioni in punti critici della filiera dalla pianta al consumatore
Authors: Pecora, Pasquale; Carbone, Giuseppe; Montanaro, Giuseppe; Dichio, Bartolomeo; Xiloyannis, Cristos; Anelli, Gabriele; Bellincontro, Andrea; Botondi, Rinaldo; Forniti, Roberto; Mencarelli, Fabio; Muganu, Massimo; Camilli, Mariano; Balestra, Giorgio Mariano; Fratarcangeli, Luca; Rossetti, Antonio; Chilosi, Gabriele; Magro, Paolo; Martignoni, Diana; Di Giovanni, Michela; Vannini, Andrea; Vettraino, Anna Maria; Pucci, Claudio; Speranza, Stefano; Carbone, Anna
Abstract: Are described researches and results related to cultural practices (irrigation, fertilization), plant protection, quality and post harvest aspects carried out by a Lazio regional project (PRAL 188).; Sono presentati i risultati del progetto PRAL 118 finanziato dalla regione Lazio. In particolare sono riportati una sintesi dei risultati delle attività svolte per il miglioramento della gestione delle pratiche colturali, la protezione della pianta, la qualità della produzione ed il post raccolta.</description>
    <dc:date>2008-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2271">
    <title>Mezzi di controllo delle popolazioni di balanino delle castagne (Curculio spp.)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2271</link>
    <description>Title: Mezzi di controllo delle popolazioni di balanino delle castagne (Curculio spp.)
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: The chestnut weevil is the key insect of the chestnut crop in many Italian regions. Infestations, even though characterized by a remarkable variability through the years, can sometimes be high, reaching even 60% of production. For this reason, our research group has conducted a series of studies towards pinpointing rational control methodologies. In this contribution the biology of Curculio propinquus Desbr. is briefly described as it is responsible for serious infestations of the chestnut groves situated in the province of Viterbo. The technique of adult sampling and the control methodologies of the Curculionidae are also illustrated. In order to reduce the phytophagous population, the following techniques are both illustrated and evaluated for their efficiency:&#xD;
- machine harvest of chestnuts&#xD;
- placing of nets under foliage&#xD;
- chemical control done with both a synthesis product (Lambda-cyhalothrin) and a product allowed in organic agriculture (Rotenone)&#xD;
- tests done with the entomopathogen fungus Beauveria bassiana against the hibernating larvae&#xD;
Finally, in order to obtain a product as healthy as possible and therefore responding to the requisites of marketability, the efficiency of the “curatura” technique has been evaluated.; Il balanino risulta essere l’insetto chiave della coltura del castagno in molte regioni italiane. Le infestazioni pur essendo caratterizzate da una notevole variabilità negli anni possono talvolta essere molto elevate interessando anche il 60% della produzione. Per questa ragione, il nostro gruppo di ricerca ha condotto una serie di studi per la messa a punto di razionali metodologie di controllo. In questo contributo viene brevemente descritta la biologia del Curculio propinquus Desb. responsabile di gravi infestazioni dei castagneti ubicati nella provincia di Viterbo.&#xD;
Sono illustrate inoltre la tecnica di campionamento degli adulti e le metodologie di controllo del curculionide. Allo scopo di ridurre la popolazione del fitofago, vengono di seguito valutate, l’efficienza delle seguenti tecniche: &#xD;
- Raccolta meccanizzata delle castagne;&#xD;
- Predisposizione di reti sotto chioma; &#xD;
- Controllo chimico effettuato sia con un prodotto di sintesi (Lambda-cyhalothrin) che con un prodotto ammesso in agricoltura biologica (Rotenone);&#xD;
- Prove effettuate con il fungo entomopatogeno Beauveria bassiana contro le larve svernanti.&#xD;
Infine, allo scopo di ottenere un prodotto quanto più possibile sano e quindi rispondente ai requisiti di commerciabilità e’ stata valutata l’efficienza della tecnica della “curatura”.</description>
    <dc:date>2001-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2267">
    <title>Prima segnalazione del cinipide galligeno del castagno (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu) in Italia Centrale</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2267</link>
    <description>Title: Prima segnalazione del cinipide galligeno del castagno (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu) in Italia Centrale
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Si segnala per la prima volta nel Lazio la presenza del cinipide galligeno del castagno (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu). Il fitofago, originario della Cina, è stato accidentalmente importato in Piemonte (provincia di Cuneo) nel 2002. Il cinipide è estremamente dannoso al castagno in quanto compromette lo sviluppo vegetativo delle piante e la fruttificazione (Cfr. bibliografia). La specie è univoltina e provoca la formazione di galle sulle foglie e sui germogli sia su ibridi eurogiapponesi sia sul castagno europeo (Cfr. bibliografia). Data la pericolosità dell’insetto introdotto on Italia, nel 2003 è stata approntata e distribuita, una pubblicazione divulgativa per mettere in allarme i castanicoltori del comprensorio dei Monti Cimini (Paparatti e Speranza, 2003). Il 31 maggio 2005 sono state rinvenute, su alcuni rametti di castagno, le ben note galle provocate da Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Detti rametti provenivano da giovani piantine presenti nel territorio del Comune di Canepina, sito in provincia di Viterbo. Ulteriori indagini hanno permesso di accertare che le piantine erano state acquistate presso un vivaio che si riforniva in provincia di Cuneo. Il nostro Dipartimento ed il Dipartimento Economico ed Occupazionale, Direzione Regionale Agricoltura, Area Servizio Fitosanitario della Regione Lazio hanno in corso indagini allo scopo di accertare se il fitofago è presente in altri castagneti della Regione.</description>
    <dc:date>2004-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2274">
    <title>Sviluppo e applicazione di metodologie di controllo integrato e biologico contro i fitofagi del nocciolo</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2274</link>
    <description>Title: Sviluppo e applicazione di metodologie di controllo integrato e biologico contro i fitofagi del nocciolo
Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Paparatti, Bruno; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Speranza, Stefano; Terrosi, Alessandra; Burlini, Luigi
Abstract: Dono stati valutati per l'area coliricola delal regione Lazio le tecniche di monitoraggio del balanino del nocciolo mediante l'uso di trappole alimentari, manicotti in feltro. Sono stati valutati,mediante prove di laboratorio e semi-campo, gli effetti di prodotti insetticidi di origine naturale nell'interferenza con il ciclo biologico del balanino del nocciolo controllo nell'area coliricola laziale ed in noccioleti della città di Samsun in Turchia.</description>
    <dc:date>2006-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2320">
    <title>Controllo agronomico del balanino delle castagne</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2320</link>
    <description>Title: Controllo agronomico del balanino delle castagne
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Il lavoro riporta logiche di controllo agronomico dei balanini delle castagne in Italia. Le infestazione di questi insetti possono interessare anche il 60% della produzione.</description>
    <dc:date>2002-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2319">
    <title>Prime infestazioni di Tuta absoluta su fagiolino nel Lazio</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2319</link>
    <description>Title: Prime infestazioni di Tuta absoluta su fagiolino nel Lazio
Authors: Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Si riporta il primo caso di infestazione di una leguminosa nel Lazio dovute al lepidottero Gelechiidae Tuta absoluta</description>
    <dc:date>2008-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2318">
    <title>Per una precisa definizione degli stadi larvali del Curculio propinquus (Desbr.) fitofago chiave del castagno nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2318</link>
    <description>Title: Per una precisa definizione degli stadi larvali del Curculio propinquus (Desbr.) fitofago chiave del castagno nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Stacchiotti, Manuela; Alilla, Roberta; Severini, Maurizio
Abstract: Nel viterbese si è osservato negli ultimi decenni, un crescente interesse nei confronti della castanicoltura. I fitofagi che infestano il castagno sono numerosi e possono produrre danni a foglie, frutti e legno. Consistenti infestazioni si hanno da parte dei due coleotteri curculionidi, comunemente noti come “Balanini delle castagne” (Curculio elephas (Gyll.) e C. propinquus (Desbr.)), di alcuni lepidotteri tortricidi (Pammene fasciana (L.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller), e Cydia splendana (Hb.) e recentemente dal cinipide galligeno Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. L’attività dei due coleotteri può compromettere, in alcune annate, fino al 90% del raccolto. Nei castagneti dei Monti Cimini, le popolazioni di balanini sono costituite per il 95% da C. propinquus, e solo per il 5% da C. elephas. Gli adulti di queste due specie sfarfallano dal terreno generalmente nel mese di agosto e si portano sulle chiome delle piante ospiti, dove avviene l’accoppiamento e l’ovideposizione. La larva è tipicamente carpofaga e svolge l’intero ciclo preimmaginale all’interno della castagna in accrescimento. Al termine dello sviluppo, la larva fuoriesce dai frutti praticando un tipico foro nel pericarpo e si lascia cadere al suolo, dove si interra costruendosi una celletta in cui sverna e permane fino all’estate successiva. Per l’eccessivo uso di principi attivi insetticidi, da alcuni anni il Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante ha intrapreso studi sulla bioetologia ed il controllo di questi insetti. Recentemente inoltre, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Ecologia e Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile dell’Università degli Studi della Tuscia, ha intrapreso studi di morfometria larvale del C. propinquus allo scopo di individuare con esattezza lo stadio larvale. Le osservazioni sono state effettuate nell’anno 2005, in un castagneto da frutto, non trattato, infestato da C. propinquus, situato nel Comune di Carbognano (VT). Dalla chioma delle piante sperimentali sono stati raccolti, con cadenza settimanale, 50 ricci allo scopo di determinare lo stadio infestante. Le castagne in accrescimento, contenute nei ricci sono state analizzate e dissezionate in laboratorio, prelevando le larve presenti. La capsula cefalica delle suddette larve è stata misurata allo stereomicroscopio per mezzo di un micrometro oculare. L’analisi statistica ha consentito di individuare con precisione i diversi stadi larvali infestanti le castagne.</description>
    <dc:date>2006-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2323">
    <title>Tomato plants transgenic for an Arabidopsis thaliana cystein proteinase inhibitor (Atcys) impair the life cycle of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2323</link>
    <description>Title: Tomato plants transgenic for an Arabidopsis thaliana cystein proteinase inhibitor (Atcys) impair the life cycle of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.)
Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Caccia, Riccardo; Fonzo, Valentina; Pucci, Claudio; Soressi, Gian Piero
Abstract: Atcys tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transgenic plants, expressing a cystein proteinase inhibition level double than the untransformed control (Speranza et al. in press), were used for in vivo assays with H. armigera larvae. This insect pest, extremely polyphagous, has recently caused severe damages to the outdoor tomato crop due to the dropping of infested young fruits and to fruit rotting because of the larval galleries.&#xD;
 &#xD;
Plants of the cv. Riogrande (RIG) and of the corresponding Atcys homozygous transgenic line (BG-106) were grown in greenhouse and leaves utilized for feeding H. armigera larvae, reared for four days with artificial diet. The recorded data were larval weight (every two days until the cocoon stage), cocoon sex and morphometric traits, number of adults emerged from the cocoon, number of layed and hatched eggs. The mean weight was generally higher when larvae were fed with BG-106 leaves. By subdividing in three periods the larval life, no difference in mortality was observed between larvae reared with control (RIG) and with  BG-106 leaves. The percentage of adults emerged from the cocoon was 81% and 76% for the control and BG-106 respectively. The sex ratio (males/females) was in favour of the female sex both for the RIG (0.87) and BG-106 (0.73) cocoons. On average, the fertility (number of layed eggs) of the BG-106 fed females was 33% lower than the control. By considering the percentage of hatched eggs (emerged larvae), the value obtained was 6.8% for BG-106 against 11% for RIG.&#xD;
 &#xD;
According to these data, in Atcys  transgenic tomato (BG-106), a level of cystein proteinase inhibition double than the untransformed control, is sufficient to negatively influence the H. armigera biological cycle, even if the weight of the larvae fed with the BG-106 leaves is on average higher than the control (RIG). The last datum is in agreement with similar experiments reported in literature where the effect of  proteinase inhibitors is tested in different host-pest systems.</description>
    <dc:date>2000-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2322">
    <title>BBI and Kunitz serin-protease inhibitor action in tomato transgenic plants towards Helicoverpa armigera larvae</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2322</link>
    <description>Title: BBI and Kunitz serin-protease inhibitor action in tomato transgenic plants towards Helicoverpa armigera larvae
Authors: Caccia, Riccardo; Schettino, Maria; Farisei, Francesca; Savazzini, Federica; Poerio, Elia; Speranza, Stefano; Pucci, Claudio; Soressi, Gian Piero
Abstract: Several crop varieties with agronomically-compatible levels of resistance to insects have been generated by Bt gene transfer. Plant proteinaceous  proteinase inhibitors have potential for increasing resistance of crop to insect pests. Proteolytic activities in the larval guts of Helicoverpa armigera (a major pest of solanaceae) have been investigated and proved to be largely due to extracellular serine proteinases (trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities) with alkaline pH optimum. With the aim of obtaining tomato transgenic plants resistant to H. armigera larvae, we transformed - the cultivar Riogrande with the gene KTI3 (coding for a soybean Kunitz Inhibitor) and the cultivar UC-82 with the gene Pi-IV (coding for a soybean Bowman-Birk Inhibitor). Leaf extracts of transgenic plants contained significant levels of inhibitory activities towards both bovine pancreatic trypsin and insect trypsin-like enzyme, on average 187- and 5-fold higher-than controls, respectively. The trypsin inhibiting activity was found stable atdifferent plant phenological phases in fruits and leaves; this activity resulted stable for 24h in detached leaf discs used to feed insects. Both inhibiting activities were able to contrast development of H. armigera larvae, by interferring with midgut trypsin-like activity that was found higher in III-IV ages than other ages.</description>
    <dc:date>1998-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2321">
    <title>I principali fitofagi del castagno</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2321</link>
    <description>Title: I principali fitofagi del castagno
Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano
Abstract: Vengono presentati i principali fitofagi del castagno in Italia centrale. Per ogni fitofago riportato vengono proposti dei sistemi di controllo.</description>
    <dc:date>1998-12-31T23:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
</rdf:RDF>

