http://http://dspace.unitus.it:80 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. 2013-05-18T23:07:31Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1202 Title: Capturas de adultos de Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) mediante armadilhas cromotrópicas e ferormónicas para a previsão da infestação Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Speranza, Stefano; Lipizzi, Fabio Abstract: The authors show the results of an experiment made in 1988, 1989 and 1994 in a olive-grove in Alto Lazio (Central Italy). The trial included monitoring of adults, the observation on the infestation and climatic data. 1996-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1250 Title: DINAMICA DI COORTI DI HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜB.) ALIMENTATE CON POMODORO TRANSGENICO Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Dattilo, A.M.; Carlini, Laura; Severini, Maurizio; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: From the eggs laid on the same day by lepidopteron noctuid Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) females, three cohorts were formed. These were bred in a climatic chamber under the same temperature conditions (T = 27°C ± 1°C) and photoperiod (18 hours of light and 6 hours of darkness) and in different feeding conditions. The first cohort was fed with transgenic tomato leaves (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) for the KTI3 genes (a soy gene that codifies for a Kunitz type tryptic inhibitor), the second with transgenic tomato leaves for the AtCys genes (a Arabidopsis thaliana gene, codifying for a cystatinic inhibitor) and the thrid with non transgenic tomato leaves (control). Three new second generation cohorts were formed with the newborn of first generation adults and bred, until the adult stage, under the same laboratory conditions. The experiment was repeated twice. A comparison between the times that the three first and second generation cohorts reached their different lifestyle stages did not show significant differences (P<0.25); this leads us to exclude the possible sub-lethal effects for the H. armigera cohorts fed with both the transgenic diets. This innovative research of the valuation of the sub-lethal effects of the exogenous molecules in transgenic plants increases the knowledge of the new plant-phytophagan interactions that will occur in nature after the controlled release of the new phytophagan-resistant plants. 2001-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1192 Title: Association of the Black Rot Fungus Ciboria batschiana with the Chestnut Weevil Curculio propinquus in Chestnut Orchards in Central Italy Authors: Vettraino, Anna Maria; Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Pucci, Claudio; Vannini, Andrea Abstract: The association of the black rot fungus Ciboria batschiana and the chestnut weevil Curculio propinquus was investigated. Insects from a single plantation located in a chestnut area in Viterbo, in the Lazio Region (Italy) were analysed for association with the fungus. Ciboria batschiana was detected in 2 out of 10 adults collected from the ground and 21 out of 22 adults from the trees. Only 33.3% of the larvae were found to be associated to the fungus. The ability of C. propinquus to carry the fungus was confirmed. Its role as a possible vector of this pathogen deserves further study. 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1190 Title: Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and Its Possible Involvement in Dieback (Moria) Diseases of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Plants in Central Italy Authors: Balestra, Giorgio M.; Bucini, Danilo; Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano; Proietti Zolla, Cristina; Pucci, Claudio; Varvaro, Leonardo Abstract: Hazelnut is one of the most important orchards in central Italy (Viterbo province). More than eighty phytophagous insect pests adversely affect hazelnut orchards, but only a few of these, such as Anisandrus dispar F. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), induce severe damage. A bacterial disease (called moria) constitutes one of the main phytopathological problems of hazelnut plants in central Italy. Two years ago, the Lazio Regional Government and local hazelnut cooperatives supported a research into the bio-ethology of A. dispar and its possible association with moria disease on hazelnut plants in Viterbo. In 2003 and 2004 two experimental hazelnut areas were selected in the Capranica and Caprarola districts (Viterbo), where eighteen chemio-chromotrophic traps were installed to study the dynamic population of A. dispar and to catch live Scolytidae females. Representative samples of live A. dispar females were used to isolate and identify the bacterial populations present both out- side and inside the insects. After two years 5,726 A. dispar females had been caught. Of more than 1,400 live A. dispar females, 10% were submitted to microbiological ana- lyses by morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. The populations of the main bacteria (by outside and inside) associated with the phyto- phagous were identified as Erwinia billingae, Brenneria quercina, Pantoea cedenensis and Pseudomonas spp. Studies are currently in progress to: i) clarify the biological cycle of A. dispar; ii) identify the role (direct and/or indirect) of the insect respect to the epidemiology of moria disease; iii) carry on pathogenicity tests on bacterial isolates to prove their involvement in bacteriosis; iv) develop specific primers to identify the presence of these bacteria when associated with the insect and with asymptomatic hazelnut plants; v) verify the influence of environmental parameters on the biology of both the insect and the disease. 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1206 Title: Harmful infestation forecasting models caused by Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.)(Diptera, Tephritidae) Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano Abstract: Si illustrano due modelli di analisi canonica di previsione della gravità dell'infestazione basate su catture di maschi e delle femmine di Bactrocera oleae. Tali modelli sono stati verificati con successo nell'anno 2004 nell'ambiente olivicolo costiero del Montenegro sulla cultivar Zutica e nel 2005 nell'ambiente olivicolo dell'Alto Lazio (Viterbo, Italia) sulla cultivar Canino. 2005-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2257 Title: Evaluación de la virulencia de dos cepas autóctonas y una comercial del hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) en larvas de Galleria mellonella (L.)(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Pizzuolo, Pablo H.; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: Numerosos estudios en el ámbito agrícola han sido realizados utilizando a Beauveria bassiana como agente de control biológico. Si bien han sido llevadas a cabo numerosas investigaciones sobre la virulencia de cepas autóctonas de B. bassiana ninguna de ellas trata la problemática en Italia central y particularmente en la zona del Alto Lazio. El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la virulencia de cepas de B. bassiana autóctonas del Alto Lazio (Italia) respecto a cepas comerciales de la misma especie fúngica entomopatógena. 2001-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2258 Title: IPM trials on attract-and-kill mixtures against the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera Tephritidae Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Bellocchi, Gianni; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: The key insect pest of the olive grove is the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) because it affects the quantitative and qualitative production of olive oil. In order to first attract and then kill B. oleae adults before egg laying, thus limiting the infestation and avoiding treatments on the whole olive grove, we tested a mixture of the female sexual pheromone of the olive fly (1.7 dioxaspiro-5.5 undecane), the protein hydrolisate Buminal, and the insecticide Deltamethrin. We also tested different doses of the female sexual pheromone (1999: 1.212 ml/hl water and 2.424 ml/hl water; 2000: 2.424 ml/hl water and 4.848 ml/hl water). Both in 1999 and in 2000, treatments were applied when the gravity index Z exceeded the threshold level Z > 0.10. Irrespective of the general infestation level (high or low), the mixture successfully attracted and killed B. oleae adults. In both years, the mixture containing the pheromone at a dose of 2.424 ml/hl was the most effective. Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org 2003-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2251 Title: A molecular assay to investigate the possible association between the chestnut weevil curculio propinquus and the black rot fungus rachodiella castaneae Authors: Vettraino, Anna Maria; Speranza, Stefano; Paparatti, Bruno; Pucci, Claudio; Vannini, Andrea Abstract: Black rot, induced by Rachodiella castaneae Pyr. [teleomorph: Sclerotinia pseudotuberosa Rehm.; syn. Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) Buchw.], and the chestnut weevil [Curculio propinquus (Desbr.)] are among the most serious phytosanitary problems of the chest- nut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruit industry in Italy, causing relevant economic losses at harvest and during storage. Symptoms of black rot are frequent in nuts infested by C. propinquus, and hence an association between the fungus and the insect has been hypothesised. To verify this hypothesis, clusters of immature burrs from three trees in a chestnut area in Central Italy were covered with a net and treated as follow: (i) infested with C. propinquus adults that had been artificially contaminated with R. castaneae; (ii) infested with C. propinquus uncontaminated adults; (iii) uninfested negative control. At harvest time, the nets were re- moved and the adults of the insects and chestnut fruits were col- lected. Due to the inefficacy of traditional diagnostic methods, the detection R. castaneae in C. propinquus and in chestnut fruits was performed by PCR. Two sequences specific for R. castaneae were identified in the ITS region of rDNA, and two species-spe- cific primers (RAC1 and RAC2) were designed. R. castaneae was detected in more than 90% of the chestnut weevils analysed, re- gardless the treatment, and in 77, 73, and 92% of nuts following the treatments (i), (ii) and (iii), respectively. These findings sug- gest an endophytic habitus of R. castaneae in chestnut fruits and that C. propinquus is a potential vector of the pathogen. 2002-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2252 Title: Prova di campionamento degli adulti di balanino del castagno (Curculio propinquus Desbr.) per mezzo di trappole cromotropiche e chemio-tropiche Authors: Paparatti, Bruno; Speranza, Stefano; Terrosi, Alessandra; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: Several research aiming at getting ready some adult population monitoring systems are being carried out to establish an exact correlation between the capture of adults and the infestation of chestnuts with C. propinquus. To this purpose, cross traps in different colours (red, yellow, blue, transparent), activated with alcohol denatured with toluene or not activated have been placed. The experiments have been carried out in two different biotypes in the surroundings of Viterbo. The results show a low extent of captures and a consequent modest fruit infestation in the chestnut wood located in Vallerano (<5%), while a fair amount of captures was reported in the highly infested area (40%) located in Carbognano. Yet no significant differences among the captures were reported and no correlation coefficient between captures and fruit infestation was determined. It is thus necessary to experiment more effective systems to monitor the adult population.; Curculio propinquus, risulta essere l’insetto chiave della coltura del castagno nel comprensorio castanicolo dei Monti Cimini (Viterbo). Le infestazioni pur essendo caratterizzate da una notevole variabilità negli anni, possono talvolta essere molto elevate, interessando anche il 60% della produzione. Per questa ragione, il nostro gruppo di ricerca ha programmato dal 2001 una serie di studi per la messa a punto di razionali metodologie di controllo. A questo scopo, risulta indispensabile formulare una tecnica di campionamento degli adulti che sia di facile applicazione, poco onerosa e che permetta ai castanicoltori di individuare il momento dello sfarfallamento del curculionide nonché la sua densità e quindi predisporre in tempo utile l’eventuale trattamento. La sperimentazione e’ stata condotta in due castagneti tipici notoriamente caratterizzati da due differenti livelli di infestazione e rispettivamente Vallerano con bassa infestazione e Carbognano con elevata. Per il monitoraggio degli adulti sono state utilizzate 24 trappole adesive a croce per ciascuno dei due castagneti: 12 innescate con alcool etilico e 12 non innescate. Le trappole utilizzate erano di differenti colori, e precisamente: quattro rosse, quattro gialle e quattro trasparenti. Le trappole sono state posizionate, una per pianta, a metà altezza della chioma, e controllate due volte la settimana annotando il numero di adulti catturati per sesso. Parallelamente, con la stessa periodicità, sono stati effettuati controlli della popolazione adulta mediante lo scuotimento delle branche, sfruttando il noto fenomeno della tanatosi. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato una bassa entità delle catture e una conseguente modesta infestazione dei frutti nel castagneto di Vallerano (<5%), mentre nella parcella altamente infestata (40%) sita a Carbognano, si è riscontrato un discreto valore di catture. Esaminando l’andamento delle catture dei differenti tipi di trappole, di diverso colore, innescate e non, non emergono dati significativi per il Castagneto di Vallerano. Al contrario per il castagneto di Carbognano, le trappole non innescate, di colore giallo indicano, con sufficiente precisione, l’inizio degli sfarfallamenti del curculionide, pur non rappresentando uno strumento in grado di valutare adeguatamente la sua densità di popolazione nel tempo. 2003-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2261 Title: Livelli di attività antiproteinasiche in piante transgeniche di pomodoro esprimenti inibitori di proteinasi a serina e a cisteina Authors: Farisei, Francesca; Panichi, Daniela; Poerio, Elia; Speranza, Stefano; Pucci, Claudio; Fonzo, Valentina; Caccia, Riccardo; Soressi, Gian Piero Abstract: Tomato plants transgenic for genes coding for protein inhibitors, were tested in order to evaluate their capability to inhibit the commercial proteinase activities as well as those present in the midgut of the phytophagous insect Helicoverpa armigera. Leaf extracts of Pi-IV (gene from soybean coding for a Bowman-Birk-like trypsin inhibitor) transgenic T3 plants (cv. UC-82) are able to inhibit bovine pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-like activity of the phytophagous insect 4 times more than control plant extracts; extracts of KTI3 (gene from soybean coding for a Kunitz-like tripsine inhibitor) transgenic T3 plants (cv. Riogrande) are able to inhibit bovine pancreatic trypsin and trypsin-like activity of the insect 200 times more than control plant extracts; leaf extracts of AtCys (gene from Arabidopsis coding for a cysteine protease inhibitor) transgenic T2 plants (cv. Riogrande) are able to inhibit commercial papain and cysteine-like activity of the insect 4 times more than control plant extracts. On the basis of the data it would be interesting, for both speculative and applicative purposes, to use these transgenic plants in order to verify in vivo the action on the mortality and/or on the reproduction ability of the H. armigera, particularly dangerous to the tomato crop. 2003-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2270 Title: Biosaggi plurigenerazionali sull’Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) alimentata con foglie di pomodoro transgenico per il gene KTI3 (Kunitz) Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Fonzo, Valentina; Soressi, Gian Piero; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: H. armigera is, together with aphids, one of the industrial tomato key insects in central Italy. Its trophic action causes a decrease in the marketable production with high social costs for the agricultural operators. The aim of the present work was to perform a bioassay on the cotton bollworm, feeding the larva with Kunitz proteinase inhibitor coded by the KTI3 gene transgenic plant leaves. The molecules belonging to the Kunitz family have a molecular weight of 21-24 kDa and inhibit the serine proteinase, resulting active in the pH interval 9-11, that is the distinctive interval of Lepidoptera larva midgut. Riogrande cultivar tomato plants were transformed with the KTI3 gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The analysis of the data obtained and their elaboration show a direct effect (negative) on the Lepidoptera biology, particularly in the second generation; this result could have, in the future, a direct containment action of the phytophagous populations in nature, causing a relevant decrease of the marketable production cull percentage. 2003-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2275 Title: Progetto regione Lazio - PRAL 118. Il kiwi nel Lazio: innovazioni in punti critici della filiera dalla pianta al consumatore Authors: Pecora, Pasquale; Carbone, Giuseppe; Montanaro, Giuseppe; Dichio, Bartolomeo; Xiloyannis, Cristos; Anelli, Gabriele; Bellincontro, Andrea; Botondi, Rinaldo; Forniti, Roberto; Mencarelli, Fabio; Muganu, Massimo; Camilli, Mariano; Balestra, Giorgio Mariano; Fratarcangeli, Luca; Rossetti, Antonio; Chilosi, Gabriele; Magro, Paolo; Martignoni, Diana; Di Giovanni, Michela; Vannini, Andrea; Vettraino, Anna Maria; Pucci, Claudio; Speranza, Stefano; Carbone, Anna Abstract: Are described researches and results related to cultural practices (irrigation, fertilization), plant protection, quality and post harvest aspects carried out by a Lazio regional project (PRAL 188).; Sono presentati i risultati del progetto PRAL 118 finanziato dalla regione Lazio. In particolare sono riportati una sintesi dei risultati delle attività svolte per il miglioramento della gestione delle pratiche colturali, la protezione della pianta, la qualità della produzione ed il post raccolta. 2008-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2274 Title: Sviluppo e applicazione di metodologie di controllo integrato e biologico contro i fitofagi del nocciolo Authors: Pucci, Claudio; Paparatti, Bruno; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Speranza, Stefano; Terrosi, Alessandra; Burlini, Luigi Abstract: Dono stati valutati per l'area coliricola delal regione Lazio le tecniche di monitoraggio del balanino del nocciolo mediante l'uso di trappole alimentari, manicotti in feltro. Sono stati valutati,mediante prove di laboratorio e semi-campo, gli effetti di prodotti insetticidi di origine naturale nell'interferenza con il ciclo biologico del balanino del nocciolo controllo nell'area coliricola laziale ed in noccioleti della città di Samsun in Turchia. 2006-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2317 Title: Controllo di Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) mediante impiego di Spinosad Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Spanedda, Antonio Franco; Terrosi, Alessandra; Pucci, Claudio Abstract: È stato valutato l’effetto dello Spinosad nei confronti della mortalità dei diversi stadi di sviluppo della Dorifora della patata (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). La sperimentazione è stata condotta presso l’azienda Didattico Sperimentale dell’Università degli Studi della Tuscia (Viterbo). L’analisi dei risultati evidenzia un chiaro effetto dei due interventi sulla mortalità dei differenti stadi di sviluppo. Tali differenze trovano riscontro anche sull’entità della produzione dei tuberi; nella parcella trattata è stata ottenuta una produzione del 30% superiore rispetto al testimone. 2004-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2323 Title: Tomato plants transgenic for an Arabidopsis thaliana cystein proteinase inhibitor (Atcys) impair the life cycle of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.) Authors: Speranza, Stefano; Caccia, Riccardo; Fonzo, Valentina; Pucci, Claudio; Soressi, Gian Piero Abstract: Atcys tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transgenic plants, expressing a cystein proteinase inhibition level double than the untransformed control (Speranza et al. in press), were used for in vivo assays with H. armigera larvae. This insect pest, extremely polyphagous, has recently caused severe damages to the outdoor tomato crop due to the dropping of infested young fruits and to fruit rotting because of the larval galleries. Plants of the cv. Riogrande (RIG) and of the corresponding Atcys homozygous transgenic line (BG-106) were grown in greenhouse and leaves utilized for feeding H. armigera larvae, reared for four days with artificial diet. The recorded data were larval weight (every two days until the cocoon stage), cocoon sex and morphometric traits, number of adults emerged from the cocoon, number of layed and hatched eggs. The mean weight was generally higher when larvae were fed with BG-106 leaves. By subdividing in three periods the larval life, no difference in mortality was observed between larvae reared with control (RIG) and with BG-106 leaves. The percentage of adults emerged from the cocoon was 81% and 76% for the control and BG-106 respectively. The sex ratio (males/females) was in favour of the female sex both for the RIG (0.87) and BG-106 (0.73) cocoons. On average, the fertility (number of layed eggs) of the BG-106 fed females was 33% lower than the control. By considering the percentage of hatched eggs (emerged larvae), the value obtained was 6.8% for BG-106 against 11% for RIG. According to these data, in Atcys transgenic tomato (BG-106), a level of cystein proteinase inhibition double than the untransformed control, is sufficient to negatively influence the H. armigera biological cycle, even if the weight of the larvae fed with the BG-106 leaves is on average higher than the control (RIG). The last datum is in agreement with similar experiments reported in literature where the effect of proteinase inhibitors is tested in different host-pest systems. 2000-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2322 Title: BBI and Kunitz serin-protease inhibitor action in tomato transgenic plants towards Helicoverpa armigera larvae Authors: Caccia, Riccardo; Schettino, Maria; Farisei, Francesca; Savazzini, Federica; Poerio, Elia; Speranza, Stefano; Pucci, Claudio; Soressi, Gian Piero Abstract: Several crop varieties with agronomically-compatible levels of resistance to insects have been generated by Bt gene transfer. Plant proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors have potential for increasing resistance of crop to insect pests. Proteolytic activities in the larval guts of Helicoverpa armigera (a major pest of solanaceae) have been investigated and proved to be largely due to extracellular serine proteinases (trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities) with alkaline pH optimum. With the aim of obtaining tomato transgenic plants resistant to H. armigera larvae, we transformed - the cultivar Riogrande with the gene KTI3 (coding for a soybean Kunitz Inhibitor) and the cultivar UC-82 with the gene Pi-IV (coding for a soybean Bowman-Birk Inhibitor). Leaf extracts of transgenic plants contained significant levels of inhibitory activities towards both bovine pancreatic trypsin and insect trypsin-like enzyme, on average 187- and 5-fold higher-than controls, respectively. The trypsin inhibiting activity was found stable atdifferent plant phenological phases in fruits and leaves; this activity resulted stable for 24h in detached leaf discs used to feed insects. Both inhibiting activities were able to contrast development of H. armigera larvae, by interferring with midgut trypsin-like activity that was found higher in III-IV ages than other ages. 1998-12-31T23:00:00Z