DSpace Collection: Collezione della produzione scientifica del Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale
http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1295
Collezione della produzione scientifica del Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale2024-02-16T23:40:50ZEvaluating spatial arrangement for durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) intercropping systems
http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2670
Title: Evaluating spatial arrangement for durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) intercropping systems
Authors: Campiglia, Enio; Mancinelli, Roberto; Radicetti, Emanuele; Baresel, Jörg Peter
Abstract: Cover crops and mulches can be used for increasing sustainability in winter cereal cropping systems. We performed a 2-year field experiment in Central Italy with the aim of finding a suitable spatial arrangement for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) as a living mulch system in order to provide a high grain cereal yield and a sufficient subclover reseeding following the wheat harvest. Experimental treatments consisted of: (i) five cropping patterns [wheat and subclover mixed in the same row, with rows 15 cm apart (same row); 2 rows of wheat and 1 row of subclover at a distance of 10 cm between rows (narrow rows); 2 rows of wheat and 1 row of subclover with a distance of 10 cm between the wheat rows and 17.5 cm between the wheat and subclover rows (wide rows); durum wheat sole crop and subclover sole crop, both in rows 15 cm apart]; (ii) two nitrogen fertilization levels (0 and 100 kg ha-1 of N); (iii) and two weed management levels (weed-free and weedy). The wheat grain yield was not reduced by the intercropped subclover in narrow rows, while it was around -14% lower in same row and wide rows compared to the pure crop treatment, although the intercropped systems always showed a higher resource use efficiency. When intercropped with subclover, wheat was the competitively superior species and its competitive advantage was greater when it was closer to the legume and/or in presence of nitrogen fertilization. A strong negative relationship between wheat aggressivity and subclover seed production was observed. Following the wheat harvest, the legume reseeding was sufficient to regenerate a cover crop in the autumn of the second year regardless the spatial arrangement, even if the density of the subclover seedlings was almost twice in wide rows compared to same row. Although the intercropped systems were characterized by an increase in plant density compared to the sole crops (100% of wheat + 50% of subclover), the competitive ability of the wheat-subclover system against the weeds was higher than the wheat sole crop only in narrow rows where a significant reduction of both weed density and weed biomass was observed. When the subclover is used as living mulch in durum wheat, a moderate separation between the two species could be a suitable spatial arrangement for obtaining an adequate wheat grain yield, ensuring satisfactory subclover reseeding, controlling the weeds more effectively.2014-01-01T00:00:00ZPrincipali patogeni e difesa
http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2609
Title: Principali patogeni e difesa
Authors: Iannotta, N.; Loconsole, G.; Noce, M.E.; Saponari, M.; Savino, V. N.
Abstract: Olive as other woody perennial crops can be affected by several systemic pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and several vector-borne viruses. The most important olive diseases, caused by different pathogens, are described in this text. Pathogen biology, diagnostic technique and control strategies are reported for each disease. The main and widespread bacterial disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, is the olive knot. As concerns the most important and widespread fungal diseases, in this text are described the olive leaf spot, Verticillum wilt, cercosporiosis, anthracnose, fruit rot, parasitic brusca, root rot, sooty mold and wood rot. Infections caused by viruses are generally symptomless and do not result in diseased plants. Although, viruses do not cause detrimental disease on olive varieties, the infected olive trees represent a reservoir of virus inoculum for other crops, where these viruses are known to cause severe disease. Detection of these viruses represent an important critical step in the sanitary improvement of this crop. Recently, molecularbased assays have been effectively implemented to detect at least 8 of the 15 viruses known to infect this crop. Sanitation program using in vitro
culture of shoot tip and thermotherapy have been recently described to recover virus-free plantlets.
Description: Realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Ricerca ed Innovazione per l'Olivicoltura Meridionale", finanziato dal MiPAAF2012-03-01T00:00:00ZTecniche di propagazione
http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2608
Title: Tecniche di propagazione
Authors: Loreti, Filiberto; Morini, Stefano
Abstract: Techniques currently available for olive plant propagation are described with particular attention to practical and scientific aspects, in order to make olive nurserymen and growers acquainted with the up-to-date knowledge on this subject. Seed propagation is firstly illustrated step by step, from seed supplying to seedlings care, followed by the vegetative propagation techniques. After a short account on ovule and rooted sucker techniques, no longer used owing to the low propagation efficiency, the grafting of olive plant is presented in all its variants and applications. Furthermore, woody and semi herbaceous cutting propagation is extensively examined from physiological, anatomical and technical point of view. Finally, results obtained up today on olive micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed are considered in order to provide operators with the main
features of these biotechnologies. It is concluded with some considerations on advantages or weakness of grafted or self-rooted olive plants and the perspectives of application of in vitro propagation procedures.
Description: Realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Ricerca ed Innovazione per l'Olivicoltura Meridionale", finanziato dal2012-03-01T00:00:00ZOrganizzazione vivaistica e certificazione
http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2607
Title: Organizzazione vivaistica e certificazione
Authors: Savino, Vito Nicola; Caruso, Tiziano
Abstract: Revival of the olive growing sector in Italy, which needs to focus on the development of native genetic resources and a reduction in production costs, must address the updating of nursery management. In the near future, this production sector will almost certainly be needed to satisfy demand – in a market which is increasingly globalized and diversified – with various types of plants suited to different environmental and growth conditions.
Adopting a nursery management technique which would enable the nursery to meet sudden, high
demand for certified plant material, as specified by EU (Dir CEE 92/34 e 93/48) and national
(D.M. 20/11/2006) regulations, at sustainable costs, would certainly help towards revitalizing the whole olive industry. However, it is first necessary to develop plant production systems which are flexible and reliable, and which do not depend upon the traditional technique of grafting onto seedlings, often of uncertain genetic origin
and in a state of unknown health. Improvements in the efficiency of self-rooting
techniques (under mist or in vitro conditions) which, on a commercial level, currently only
focus on cultivars, will most probably be extended to include clonal rootstocks, which, as
occurred in other tree growing sectors (fruit growing, vine-growing, citrus fruit growing) will be chosen according to specific agronomic characteristics.
Of fundamental technical important is the development of production lines of plant material
grown on clearly-defined artificial substrates which are able to sustain plant growth in the
nursery, withstand even long periods of transport, and overcome stress following planting
in the field. It is essential these properties are maintained even when plants are grown in small containers; an aspect which helps lower the costs of production and transport but which can also lead to abiotic and biotic stress. In response to the abovementioned stress factors, today, an important opportunity is the adoption of sterile substrates, which are low cost and do not harm the environment, by exploiting natural symbiotic relationships. Mycorrhiza technologies can have a marked effect on tolerance levels to abiotic stress; a problem to which young plants are particularly susceptible when in the nursery and following planting into the field. This manual includes infrastructures and equipment which are essential for a nursery, and management practices a nursery needs to adopt in order to satisfy demand for certified plant material (genetic and health certification); demand which is constantly increasing on the world market.
Description: Realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Ricerca ed Innovazione per l'Olivicoltura Meridionale", finanziato dal MiPAAF2012-02-01T00:00:00Z