The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. http://http://dspace.unitus.it:80 2013-05-19T07:58:14Z 2013-05-19T07:58:14Z Cristofori, Valerio http://hdl.handle.net/2067/150 2011-01-25T10:09:27Z 2006-11-27T23:00:00Z

Title: Fattori di qualità della nocciola Authors: Cristofori, Valerio Abstract: La nocciola è materia prima per importanti attività di trasformazione industriale e le sue caratteristiche carpologiche, tecnologiche e compositive possono avere ricadute di rilievo sulla qualità dei prodotti derivati e sulla loro conservabilità. Molti aspetti non sono tuttavia stati ancora esaminati in misura sufficiente a fare comprendere come si modifichino in funzione di fattori agronomici ed ambientali e come influenzino la qualità percepita dal consumatore. La ricerca è stata articolata in tre diverse prove, finalizzate alla definizione dei caratteri compositivi principalmente coinvolti nel determinismo della qualità delle nocciole ed all’analisi dell’effetto che fattori genetici e colturali possono esercitare su di essa. Il primo lavoro è stato finalizzato a determinare le variazioni di alcune componenti del seme (umidità, lipidi e profilo acidico, zuccheri solubili ed acidi organici, amido, proteine e polifenoli totali) e del perisperma (umidità e polifenoli totali) durante la crescita della nocciola e ad analizzarne il potere antiossidante, nelle tre cultivar più diffuse nel Lazio: Tonda Gentile Romana, Tonda di Giffoni e Nocchione. L’umidità del seme decresce progressivamente dagli inizi di luglio, mentre quella del perisperma diminuisce bruscamente ad agosto. L’accumulo dell’olio presenta un picco nei mesi di luglio e agosto. Il contenuto di zuccheri subisce variazioni in parte dipendenti da stress ambientali. Anche i profili degli acidi grassi e degli zuccheri si modificano durante lo sviluppo del seme. Il complesso di queste dinamiche può motivare le differenze di sapore della nocciola matura ed immatura ed evidenzia la opportunità di una corretta epoca di raccolta a garanzia della qualità del prodotto. Il secondo lavoro ha riguardato la determinazione delle variazioni di alcune componenti produttive e del seme in funzione dell’irrigazione per la cultivar Nocchione, in una prova che poneva a confronto una tesi irrigata con l’innovativa tecnica della subirrigazione e un controllo non irrigato. L’azione dell’apporto irriguo influisce positivamente sulla crescita vegetativa e su alcune componenti della produzione, mentre ha avuto un effetto marginale sulla qualità della nocciola. E’ stata confermata l’azione positiva dell’apporto idrico sulla produzione e su alcuni caratteri di interesse commerciale, come la resa in sgusciato. La composizione chimica della nocciola ha presentato solo piccole variazioni. E’ stata infatti osservata una lieve diminuzione del contenuto in polifenoli totali nel seme e nella pellicola, mentre non si sono riscontrate differenze nel contenuto in olio, proteine, zuccheri ed acidi organici nel seme. La terza prova ha preso in esame per il triennio 2002-04 la caratterizzazione qualitativa di ventiquattro cultivar coltivate a Viterbo. E’ stata eseguita la determinazione quantitativa e qualitativa di zuccheri solubili, acidi organici, amido, lipidi e polifenoli totali presenti nel seme, ed è stato misurato il potere antiossidante totale. Per sette cultivar di interesse industriale (‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’, ‘Tonda di Giffoni’, ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, ‘Nocchione’, ‘Mortarella’, ‘San Giovanni’ e ‘Tombul’) è stato esaminato il profilo sensoriale. La composizione del profilo acidico e il potere antiossidante totale hanno confermato il valore nutrizionale e dietetico delle nocciole. Le informazioni relative ai componenti minori, in particolare zuccheri e acidi organici, possono rappresentare un valido strumento per discriminare tra le cultivar. L’analisi sensoriale ha permesso di rilevare delle differenze varietali, legate principalmente ad alcuni attributi come il sapore e la dolcezza. In particolare le differenze di dolcezza sono state nettamente percepite dal panel, confermando l’importanza dei componenti minori del seme, soprattutto i carboidrati, nel ruolo di elementi determinanti la qualità organolettica delle nocciole.; Hazelnut is the raw material used for important processing activities. Nut traits and composition may have a relevant influence on quality of processed products and on their storability. Nevertheless, for many aspects a better understanding is needed of the interaction with environmental and agronomic factors and on the quality perceived by consumers. The research was then articulated in three different experiments, aimed at characterizing the nut and kernel components mainly involved in nut quality determination and at analysing the effect of genetic and agronomic factors. The first trial focused on the variation of kernel and pellicle components during nut growth of three hazelnut cultivars widely grown in Lazio (central Italy): Tonda Gentile Romana, Tonda di Giffoni and Nocchione. Water content decreased in seed and pellicle. Oil accumulation reached the highest level in July and August. Sugars showed variations related to environmental constraints. Fatty acid and sugar profiles changed during nut development. The complex of these dynamics can explain the different seed taste in immature and mature state and highlights the opportunity of a correct harvesting time. The second experiment analysed the effect of water availability on yield components and seed traits and composition of the cv Nocchione. A not-irrigated control was compared with subirrigated plots. Irrigation enhanced vegetative growth and improved yield, confirming the results obtained on Tonda Gentile Romana. Positive effects were observed on qualitative commercial traits of nut, such as the seed/nut ratio. The water supply only marginally affected nut composition and quality. A slight decrease of total plyphenol content in seed and pellicle was observed in irrigated thesis, whereas protein, sugar, organic acid and oil content did not change. In order to characterize the influence of nut composition on quality, twenty for cultivars grown in Viterbo were analysed in 2002-2004. Quantitative and qualitative determinations of sugars, organic acids, lipids, and starch were carried out and revealed differences among cultivars. Total polyphenols in the seed were measured. The sensory profiles of seven cultivars (‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’, ‘Tonda di Giffoni’, ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, ‘Nocchione’, ‘Mortarella’, ‘San Giovanni’ and ‘Tombul’) were examined. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity confirmed the nutritional and dietetic value of the nuts. Sensory analysis was able to reveal varietal differences for attributes related to taste and flavour. A positive relationship between sweetness scores and sugar concentration was observed. Description: Dottorato di ricerca in Ortoflorofrutticoltura

2006-11-27T23:00:00Z Mendoza-de Gyves, Emilio Cristofori, Valerio Fallovo, Carlo Rouphael, Youssef Bignami, Cristina http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1653 2011-07-25T12:10:29Z 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Accurate and rapic technique for leaf area measurement in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) Authors: Mendoza-de Gyves, Emilio; Cristofori, Valerio; Fallovo, Carlo; Rouphael, Youssef; Bignami, Cristina Abstract: Accurate measurements of leaf area are important for agronomic and physiological studies. Deter- mining the individual leaf area (A) of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) involves measurements of leaf parameters, such as length (L) and width (W), or some combinations of these parameters. A two-year investigation was car- ried out in 2005 (on seven genotypes) and in 2006 (on one cultivar) underopen-field conditions to test whether a model could be developed to estimate leaf area across genotypes. Regression analyses of A versus Land Wrevea- led several models could be used for estimating the area of individual medlar leaves. A linear model having LW as the independent variable (A = 1.81 + 0.68 LW) provided the most accurate estimate (R2 = 0.981, MSE = 7) of medlar leaf area. Validation of the model having LWof leaves from another genotype measured in the 2006 expe- riment showed that the correlation between calculated and measured areas was very high. Using the selected model, agronomists and physiologists can accurately and reliably estimate the leaf area of medlarwithout the use of expensive instruments.

2007-12-31T23:00:00Z Cristofori, Valerio Rouphael, Youssef Rugini, Eddo http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1654 2011-06-30T17:16:48Z 2009-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Collection time, cutting age, IBA and putrescine effects on root formation in Corylus avellana L. cuttings Authors: Cristofori, Valerio; Rouphael, Youssef; Rugini, Eddo Abstract: The effects of collection time, cutting age, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and putrescine application on the rooting of cuttings of Italian hazelnut cultivars ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ and ‘Nocchione’ were investigated. Samples collected during late June, late July and early September from newly formed and 1-year old part of twigs to be utilized to produce leafy cuttings, after being treated with 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA, respectively. In addition, the September cuttings were also treated, respectively, with 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA and 1600 ppm putrescine. Rooting ability was evaluated 2 months after planting for each treatment and collection time. Satisfactory rooting of hazelnut leafy cuttings was observed when collection time occurred in June and September, whereas leafy cuttings collected in July showed a limited capacity of rooting in all cultivars tested. On average, the rooting of the newly formed leafy cuttings was more than the 1-year old cuttings. Rooting was also promoted by IBA treatments, mainly in ‘Nocchione’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’. In contrast, young cuttings collected from ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ in early September rooted poorly when treated with IBA alone, but showed the best rooting ( 80%) after the application of a combination of 1000 ppm IBA and 1600 ppm putrescine. The current findings confirmthat putrescine can be a useful substance for increasing rooting percentage and root quality in cuttings of some hazelnut cultivars as obtained from‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ cultivar. Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://www.sciencedirect.com

2009-12-31T23:00:00Z Cristofori, Valerio Ferramondo, Simone Bertazza, Gianpaolo Bignami, Cristina http://hdl.handle.net/2067/1655 2011-06-30T17:37:49Z 2007-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Nut and kernel traits and chemical composition of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars Authors: Cristofori, Valerio; Ferramondo, Simone; Bertazza, Gianpaolo; Bignami, Cristina Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nut and kernel traits and chemical composition of 24 Italian and foreign hazelnut cultivars were analysed in 2002–2004 in order to study the effect of genotype and environment on nut quality. Nuts were sampled in a germplasm collection in the Italian province of Viterbo. RESULTS: Quantitative and qualitative determinations of sugars, organic acids and lipids revealed good nutritional and health potential of the nuts, with several differences among cultivars and years. The total contents of oil and sugars ranged from 563.69 to 656.36 g kg−1 dry weight (DW) and from 39.80 to 59.51 g kg−1 DW respectively. Fatty acid profile and sugar and total phenolic contents varied with the year. Significantly higher palmitic acid concentration (6.18%) was found in the hot summer year 2003; lower saturated fatty acid concentration (8.20%) and higher unsaturated/saturated acid ratio (11.27) were observed in the coolest year (2004). These differences among years were highlighted by discriminant analysis. CONCLUSION: The information relating to secondary components such as sugars, organic acids and phenolics was useful for discriminating among cultivars and years. Owing to the effect of these compounds on sensory attributes perceived by consumers, their concentration and the varietal differences can be considered primary determinants of nut quality and should be valued when planning the cultivar choice for new plantations. Description: L'articolo é disponibile sul sito dell'editore: http://hwww.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

2007-12-31T23:00:00Z Cristofori, Valerio Caruso, Donatella Latini, Gabriele Dell'Agli, Mario Cammilli, Corrado Rugini, Eddo Bignami, Cristina Muleo, Rosario http://hdl.handle.net/2067/2174 2011-08-02T00:30:08Z 2010-12-31T23:00:00Z

Title: Fruit quality of Italian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) autochthonous varieties Authors: Cristofori, Valerio; Caruso, Donatella; Latini, Gabriele; Dell'Agli, Mario; Cammilli, Corrado; Rugini, Eddo; Bignami, Cristina; Muleo, Rosario Abstract: Pomegranate is getting an increasing attention for its health-promoting effects. Collection and characterization of plants of local sources has been performed, and five accessions have been propagated and cultivated in a collection field for extra situ investigations. Accessions differ for pomological traits and chemical composition. Three of them, MG1, MG2, and MG3, belong to typology with low-medium acidity and high sugar content, while the other two, Tordimonte A and B, belong to typology with high acidity. In the juice and in the peels’ extract of Tordimonte A accession a high level of punicalin has been found through chromatographic determinations, while the presence of punicalagin was found in the juice of accession MG1. The accessions MG1, MG2, and MG3 seem particularly suitable for direct commercialization of fruits due to the fruit traits and quality (sweet varieties), while Tordimonte A and B could be valuable for juice processing (sour varieties). Description: L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://www.springerlink.com

2010-12-31T23:00:00Z